Deep learning for the detection of moyamoya angiopathy using T2-weighted images: a multicenter study.

Background: Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) can be potentially missed in the initial magnetic resonance (MR) examination without MR angiography (MRA). The aim of this study was to develop an optimal deep learning model based on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for MMA detection.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included MMA patients, control group patients with normal MRA and patients with cerebrovascular disease except MMA from seven hospitals (site 1 to site 7).

Medial orbitofrontal cortex structure, function, and cognition associates with weight loss for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate underlying mechanisms of long-term effective weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and effects on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and cognition.

Methods: A total of 18 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) underwent LSG. Clinical data, cognitive scores, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated before LSG and 12 months after LSG.

Brain Iron Deposition Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Background: Iron is one of the most important elements in brain that may has a direct impact on the stability of central nervous system. The current study devoted to explore the alterations of iron distribution across the whole brain in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: The quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique was used to quantify the intracranial iron content of 74 T2DM patients with MCI and 86 T2DM patients with normal cognition (NC).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with structural covariance network reconfiguration in cognitively unimpaired adults with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both of which are related to brain damage and cognitive impairment. However, cortical structural alteration and its relationship with metabolism and cognition in T2D with NAFLD (T2NAFLD) and without NAFLD (T2noNAFLD) remain unclear. The brain MRI scans, clinical measures and neuropsychological test were evaluated in 50 normal controls (NC), 73 T2noNAFLD, and 58 T2NAFLD.

The first case of esophageal mediastinal fistula after immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: case report and literature review.

Background: Malignant esophageal mediastinal fistula is a severe complication that occurs in both the advanced stages of esophageal cancer and after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Esophageal mediastinal fistula is very susceptible to complications such as mediastinitis and mediastinal abscess, resulting in a significantly elevated mortality rate for patients. We reported a rare case of esophageal mediastinal fistula after immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Effect of exercise based on ACSM recommendations on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment for hypertensive patients. However, there was a relative lack of research analyzing the effects of different exercise doses on hypertensive individuals. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different exercise doses on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in hypertensive patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Altered structural covariance of the cortex and hippocampal formation in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy.

Objective: In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate changes in brain morphology and structural topological networks in patients with lung cancer (LC) with or without chemotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 191 participants for this cross-sectional study, including 113 patients with LC without chemotherapy (Ch-), 38 patients with LC with chemotherapy (Ch+), and 40 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, and education. The gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical properties were compared among the three groups.

Local Neuronal Activity and the Hippocampal Functional Network Can Predict the Recovery of Consciousness in Individuals With Acute Disorders of Consciousness Caused by Neurological Injury.

Aims: There is limited research on predicting the recovery of consciousness in patients with acute disorders of consciousness (aDOC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the altered characteristics of the local neuronal activity indicated by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus network in patients with aDOC caused by neurological injury and to explore whether these characteristics can predict the recovery of consciousness.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients with aDOC were included, all of whom completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans.

CuFe Cooperativity at the Membrane-Electrode Interface Elicits a Tandem 2e+2e Mechanism for Exclusive O-To-HO Electroreduction.

High O reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and exclusive 4e pathway selectivity are keys to realizing a sustainable society. However, nonprecious electrocatalysts at present cannot enhance the ORR turnover frequency and HO Faradaic efficiency (FE) concurrently. To address these two challenges, hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) electrodes with earth-abundant metal centers are developed to control proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in ORR.

Cortical and subcortical gray matter abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment.

Gray matter changes are thought to be closely related to cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. The study aimed to explore cortical and subcortical structural alterations in MCI and their association with cognitive assessment. 24 MCI patients and 22 normal controls (NCs) were included.

ADSC-derived exosomes provide neuroprotection in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by regulating hippocampal pyroptosis.

Aims: Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived exosomes have been recognized for their neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases. This study investigates the potential neuroprotective effects of ADSC-derived exosomes in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).

Methods: Behavioral cognitive functions were evaluated using the open field test, Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test.

The Impact of Modified Body Mass Index on Clinical Prognosis in the Elderly With Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Objectives: The modified body mass index (mBMI) combines the body mass index and serum albumin, accurately reflecting the nutritional status. It remains uncertain whether modified body mass index influences neurological function and clinical prognosis in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: We divided the cohort into quartiles of mBMI (1 to 4).

Olfactory deficit: a potential functional marker across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia that affects an estimated 32 million individuals globally. Identifying early indicators is vital for screening at-risk populations and implementing timely interventions. At present, there is an urgent need for early and sensitive biomarkers to screen individuals at risk of AD.

Convergent and divergent genes expression profiles associated with brain-wide functional connectome dysfunction in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia.

Deficit schizophrenia (DS) is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by the primary and persistent negative symptoms. Previous studies have identified differences in brain functions between DS and non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients. However, the genetic regulation features underlying these abnormal changes are still unknown.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates effective connectivity patterns of brain networks in the spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are considered as the spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), with abnormal brain network connectivity as the main neuroimaging feature. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proven to be an effective non-invasive technique for addressing neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to explore the potential of targeted rTMS to regulate effective connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and the executive control network (CEN), thereby improving cognitive function.

Mental health of junior college students in China during COVID-19 school lockdown: Findings of on-line cross-sectional survey.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, junior students who had recently entered university may have experienced particular difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of anxiety, depression, and sleep status among junior college students during school closure. Junior college students from 3colleges in Anhui Province participated in this study from 6th to 20th April, 2022.

Acupoint Stimulation for Pain Control in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Postoperative pain control is a challenge in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). The current study reviewed the efficacy and safety of incorporating acupoint stimulation for postoperative pain control in ERAS. Ten databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English or Mandarin Chinese were searched from 1997 to 2022.

Single-neuron analysis of axon arbors reveals distinct presynaptic organizations between feedforward and feedback projections.

The morphology and spatial distribution of axon arbors and boutons are crucial for neuron presynaptic functions. However, the principles governing their whole-brain organization at the single-neuron level remain unclear. We developed a machine-learning method to separate axon arbors from passing axons in single-neuron reconstruction from fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography imaging data and obtained 62,374 axon arbors that displayed distinct morphology, spatial patterns, and scaling laws dependent on neuron types and targeted brain areas.

rTMS regulates homotopic functional connectivity in the SCD and MCI patients.

Objective: Impaired interhemispheric connectivity and corpus callosum atrophy have been linked to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing evidence indicates that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the bilateral precuneus may enhance cognitive function in AD. This study aims to investigate the effects of precuneus rTMS on cognitive function, as well as alterations in interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) and its structural basis in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).