Electron-phonon coupling and thermal transport properties of GaN/AlGaN heterojunction under strain regulation.

In the study of GaN/AlGaN heterostructure thermal transport, the interference of strain on carriers cannot be ignored. Although existing research has mainly focused on the intrinsic electronic and phonon behavior of the materials, there is a lack of studies on the transport characteristics of the electron-phonon coupling in heterostructures under strain control. This research comprehensively applies first-principles calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation simulation method to deeply analyze the thermal transport mechanism of the GaN/AlGaN heterojunction considering in-plane strain, with particular attention to the regulatory role of electron-phonon coupling on thermal transport.

The nuclear matrix stabilizes primed-specific genes in human pluripotent stem cells.

The nuclear matrix, a proteinaceous gel composed of proteins and RNA, is an important nuclear structure that supports chromatin architecture, but its role in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has not been described. Here we show that by disrupting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) or the nuclear matrix protein, Matrin-3, primed hPSCs adopted features of the naive pluripotent state, including morphology and upregulation of naive-specific marker genes. We demonstrate that HNRNPU depletion leads to increased chromatin accessibility, reduced DNA contacts and increased nuclear size.

Preoperative Computed Tomography Radiomics-Based Models for Predicting Microvascular Invasion of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the ability of preoperative CT (Computed Tomography)-based radiomics signature to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) and develop radiomics-based prediction models.

Materials And Methods: Preoperative clinical data, basic CT features, and radiomics features of 121 IMCC patients (44 with MVI and 77 without MVI) were retrospectively reviewed. The loading and display of CT images, delineation of the volume of interest, and feature extraction were performed using 3D Slicer.

Optical biosensor arrays based on nanozymes for environmental monitoring and food safety detection: principles, design, and applications.

Typical biosensing platforms are based on the "lock-and-key" approach, providing high specificity and sensitivity for environmental and food safety monitoring. However, they are limited in their ability to detect multiple analytes simultaneously. With the use of pattern identification methods, biosensor arrays can detect faint fluctuations caused by multiple analytes with similar properties in complex systems.

Acupuncture for hormonal readiness and gut microbiota in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To explore whether acupuncture combined with clomiphene can reduce the luteinizing hormone-to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and impact the gut microbiota in patients with obese polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: This open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled trial included 86 women aged 20-40 years with obese polycystic ovary syndrome and 19 healthy controls. Participants were randomly assigned to either an acupuncture combined with clomiphene group or a clomiphene-only group, with a healthy control group for comparison.

Cholesterol mediates the potential adverse influence of graphene quantum dots on placental lipid membrane model.

Nanomaterial-biomembrane interactions constitute a critical biological process in assessing the toxicity of such materials in theoretical studies. However, many investigations simplify these interactions by using membrane models containing only one or a few lipid types, deviating significantly from the complexity of real membrane compositions. In particular, cholesterol, a ubiquitous lipid essential for regulating membrane fluidity and closely linked to various diseases, is often overlooked.

Influencing factors of elderly hospitalized psychiatric patients complicated with physical disease: a cross-sectional study of 332 patients in Guangzhou China.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of the number of physical diseases in elderly hospitalized psychiatric patients.

Methods: A total of 332 hospitalized elderly patients with mental illness were enrolled in this study. The number of combined physical diseases was divided into three groups, which were 0, 1 ~ 2, and ≥ 3.

Left ventricular wall thickness discrepancies at end-diastole and mid-diastole: Reference values for cardiac CT.

Purpose: To investigate differences in left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) measurements between end-diastole and mid-diastole using cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and establish LVWT reference values stratified by phase, sex, and region.

Methods: Subjects who underwent CCT without a history of cardiovascular disease or risk factors were retrospectively included between 2021 and 2024. LVWT was manually measured in each segment according to the American Heart Association's 17-segment model at end-diastole and mid-diastole.

Molecular dynamics study on the nanofriction and wear mechanism of transverse grain boundaries in nickel-based alloys.

Context: This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nanoscale tribological behavior of a single transverse grain boundary in a nickel-based polycrystalline alloy. A series of simulations were conducted using a repetitive rotational friction method to explore the mechanisms by which different grain boundary positions influence variations in wear depth, friction force, friction coefficient, dislocation, stress, and internal damage during repeated friction processes. The results reveal that the grain boundary structure enhances the strength of the nanoscale nickel-based polycrystalline alloy.

Modified G-CSF/ATG-Based Haploidentical Transplantation Protocol in Pediatric Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Single-Center Experience.

Background: Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by immune dysregulation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only option for long-term cure for primary HLH. However, only around 25% of patients have a fully HLA-matched donor.

Glycosyltransferase-Mediated Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Enhances Non-host Resistance to Pst DC3000 in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Non-host resistance (NHR) governs defense responses against a broad range of potential pathogen species in contrast with host resistance. To identify specific genes involved in disease resistance, we used a virus-induced gene-silencing screen in Nicotiana benthamiana and identified glycosyltransferase (NbGT) as an essential component of NHR. NbGT silencing enhanced the hypersensitivity response, reactive oxygen species response, and callose deposition in N.

Value of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in evaluation of cardiac function in small fetuses.

Background: Small fetuses include constitutional small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth-restricted (FGR) fetuses. Various adverse intrauterine environments can lead to FGR which has higher risk of abnormal perinatal outcome. The fetal heart is very sensitive to the effects of a negative intrauterine environment.

Phenylalanine Regulates Milk Protein Synthesis via LAT1-mTOR Signaling Pathways in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Phenylalanine (Phe) is a potentially limiting amino acid for lactating cows. The mechanism by which Phe regulates milk protein synthesis remains unclear. The present study elucidates the mechanisms by which phenylalanine affects milk protein synthesis, amino acid utilization, and related signaling pathways in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs).

Arthroscopic Anatomic Reconstruction of the Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament Using a Gracilis Autograft for Subtalar Instability: 6- to 12-Year Retrospective Follow-up.

Background: Several surgical techniques have been reported of subtalar instability (STI), but it remains a controversial topic without long-term clinical evidence. This study aimed to report the all-inside arthroscopic anatomic interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) reconstruction technique and its long-term outcomes in STI patients with confirmed ITCL rupture.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive series of STI patients who underwent all-inside arthroscopic anatomic reconstruction of the ITCL using a gracilis autograft between January 2010 and December 2016.

Gas-phase aldol condensation of formaldehyde to produce hydroxyacetaldehyde and its implication to new particle formation: a theoretical study.

Aldehydes have been proposed as important precursor species in new particle formation (NPF). Although formaldehyde (CHO) has minimal direct involvement in sulfuric acid (HSO) and water nucleation, it remains unclear whether its atmospheric aldol condensation product, hydroxyacetaldehyde (CHO), one of the simplest bifunctional oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), plays a role in NPF. This study investigates both the aldol condensation of CHO and its role in NPF involving HSO and CHO through quantum chemical calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics modeling.

Water-Soluble Fluorescent Sensors for Quantification of Trace Cisplatin in Body Fluids from Clinical Cancer Patients.

Accurate quantification of cisplatin (cDDP) in body fluids (blood, urine, and ascites) is crucial in monitoring therapeutic processes, assessing drug metabolism, and optimizing treatment schedules for cancer patients. Nonetheless, due to the inherent fluorescence and complexity of the body fluid matrix, along with the low cDDP concentrations in these fluids during treatment, using fluorescent sensors for fluid detection remains a subject of ongoing research. Herein, a series of water-soluble cDDP-activatable fluorescent sensors was rationally constructed by introducing thioether groups to the xanthene skeleton based on the chalcogenophilicity of platinum.

Green synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots for bioimaging, sensing, and antibacterial applications.

It is a highly desirable and formidable challenge to synthesize carbon dots with long-wavelength emission using green synthesis. In this work, we explored red-emitting carbon dots (rCDs) via a hydrothermal strategy and their multifunctional application for bioimaging in vivo/vitro, curcumin sensing, and antibacterial materials. As-prepared rCDs were water-soluble and monodispersed with an average diameter of 2.

Utility of plasma suPAR to identify AKI and sepsis associated AKI in critically ill children.

Current biomarkers for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) lack specificity. The role of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in discriminating AKI and SA-AKI in children remains elusive. This prospective multicenter study was conducted in critically ill children cohorts using a derivation-validation design, and plasma samples were collected within first 24 h after admission.

Programmable Nanomodulators for Precision Therapy, Engineering Tumor Metabolism to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy.

Tumor metabolism is crucial in the continuous advancement and complex growth of cancer. The emerging field of nanotechnology has made significant strides in enhancing the understanding of the complex metabolic intricacies inherent to tumors, offering potential avenues for their strategic manipulation to achieve therapeutic goals. This comprehensive review delves into the interplay between tumor metabolism and various facets of cancer, encompassing its origins, progression, and the formidable challenges posed by metastasis.

Hydroxyl-Assisted and Co(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C-H Activation/Directing Group Migration of 2-Pyridones with Propargyl Alcohols: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.

This study provides a practical route to synthesize tetrasubstituted alkenes that involves Co(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and regioselective insertion of the alkyne, followed by chelation of the substrate hydroxyl to Co and migration of the pyridine group. Density functional theory studies revealed the origin of regioselectivity and elucidated the crucial role of the hydroxyl group for the migration of pyridine. The method can be conducted on a gram scale, is compatible with a wide range of substrates, and has a high functional group tolerance.

6-Shogaol Derived from Ginger Inhibits Intestinal Crypt Stem Cell Differentiation and Contributes to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Risk.

Dietary factors play a crucial role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathogenesis. Therefore, the dietary contraindications for patients with IBS require further supplementation. Recent investigations have revealed that ginger consumption may pose a risk of aggravating the symptoms and incidence of IBS; however, the specific mechanism remains unknown.

Immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity in PIK3CA-mutated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A TCGA database analysis.

Recent studies have increasingly focused on PIK3CA mutations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the clinicopathological significance of these mutations within the tumor microenvironment remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinicopathological significance of mutated PIK3CA in ESCC using in silico analyses of the ESCC dataset from the TCGA database. We assessed prognosis, differential expression, correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression, heterogeneity, and drug sensitivity in comparison with wild-type PIK3CA.