Intraclass Correlation in Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials: A Meta-Analysis of Studies on Major Depression.

Background: Though cluster randomized trials (CRTs) provide robust evidence for intervention by controlling contamination of interventions, there could be some loss of statistical efficiency. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to understand this phenomenon, though not many studies follow this. This meta-analysis explored the compliance of CRTs in major depression for reporting ICC besides deriving the pooled ICC and pooled mean differences of intervention outcomes.

Framework and Overview of a State-Wide College Mental Health Program in Kerala, India.

Background: Mental health issues are common among college students, and structured services have been proven to enhance outcomes. Despite increased enrolment for higher education in India, college mental health services remain sparse. JEEVANI is the first structured state-wide college mental health service in India.

Exploring the early history of convulsive therapies at the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (currently NIMHANS).

Objective: The paper describes the introduction, and early use of chemically and electrically induced convulsive therapies, at the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India. Cardiazol and ammonium chloride were used at MGMH before the introduction of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The study examines the early history, clinical correlates and outcome of convulsive therapies and attempts to contextualize how local conditions influenced implementation.

Lifetime child sexual abuse assessed at age 18: A survey of college students from Kerala, India.

Estimates of child sexual abuse (CSA) during adolescence may undercount exposure and retrospective recollection in adulthood may be prone to recall bias. Thus, a more accurate and CSA may be possible if the question is examined in a large sample of 18 years old. This study examined the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of CSA among college-going 18 years olds.

Risk estimates of anxiety and depressive disorders among primary care patients with chronic medical illness - A Indian study.

Risk estimates of depression and anxiety disorders in primary care patients was studied in 7017 patients from 71 primary health centres in Kerala, India. When compared to those without, patients with a single chronic medical illness had approximately 3-4-fold higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders; this increases to 6-fold when the number of medical illnesses is two or more. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, tuberculosis, asthma, and arthritis had higher odds of depression after controlling for socio-demographic variables and co-occurring medical illnesses.

Tobacco use among college students in Kerala, India.

Background & Objectives: Despite tobacco use among college students being a major health concern, data remain sparse from India. It is in this background that this study aimed to report the prevalence of tobacco use and its psychosocial correlates among college students in the State of Kerala, India.

Methods: A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges from Ernakulam district, Kerala, selected by cluster random sampling and were provided with self-administered questionnaire.

Identification of biomarkers that predict response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: protocol for an open-label follow-up study.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of bilateral anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN) has been found to be helpful in a subset of patients with severe, chronic and treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Biomarkers may aid in patient selection and optimisation of this invasive treatment. In this trial, we intend to evaluate neurocognitive function related to STN and related biosignatures as potential biomarkers for STN DBS in OCD.

Does academic streams influence alcohol use in colleges?

Background: Alcohol use among college students is a major public health priority owing to its high prevalence and numerous negative outcomes. Most interventions targeting alcohol use among college students consider them as a homogenous entity. There is preliminary evidence from high-income countries that patterns of alcohol use differ across academic streams.

Gender-Specific Correlates of Alcohol Use Among College Students in Kerala, India.

Background: Studies of alcohol use among college students in India have reported a male preponderance, but a recent large study suggested that alcohol use is increasing in young females. This increase in use among the young females is of concern as they experience poorer outcomes and a higher risk for addiction. Hence, we aimed to examine the gender-specific correlates of alcohol use among college students in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala.

Disentangling comorbidity in chronic pain: A study in primary health care settings from India.

Objectives: The study examined the prevalence, sociodemographic, and clinical correlates of chronic pain among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India. It also examined the patterns and relationships of chronic physical and mental health conditions with chronic pain.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted among 7165 adult patients selected randomly by a multi-stage stratified design from 71 primary health centers.

Prevalence of hoarding disorder among primary care patients.

Objectives: Despite the inclusion of hoarding disorder (HD) in the DSM-5, there is little epidemiological data on hoarding from low and middle-income countries. This study, the first from India, examines the prevalence and correlates of HD among primary care patients in the state of Kerala, India.

Methods: To assess correlates, the Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview (HRS-I) and other structured instruments were administered to 7,555 subjects selected by stratified random sampling from 71 primary health centers.

Tobacco Use Among College Students Across Various Disciplines in Kerala, India.

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health concern in India. Its use in young people is linked to increased severity, longer duration, and reduced efforts to seek treatment for tobacco use. A significant proportion of young people are enrolled in colleges, and early prevention during this period has better effectiveness.

Clinical utility of repeated intravenous ketamine treatment for resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Glutamate modulators are used to treat OCD resistant to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Ketamine has shown some promise in treating OCD. Data on the use of ketamine in SRI-resistant OCD is limited, with no studies on the role of multiple ketamine infusions in this disorder.

Long-term Outcomes of Intensive Inpatient Care for Severe, Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Résultats à long terme de soins intensifs à des patients hospitalisés pour un trouble obsessionnel-compulsif grave et résistant.

Objective: A substantial proportion of severely ill patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and are unable to practice cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on an out-patient basis. We report the short-term (at discharge) and long-term (up to 2 years) outcome of a multimodal inpatient treatment program that included therapist-assisted intensive CBT with adjunctive pharmacotherapy for severely ill OCD patients who are often resistant to SRIs and are either unresponsive or unable to practice outpatient CBT.

Methods: A total of 420 patients, admitted between January 2012 and December 2017 were eligible for the analysis.

Insomnia Among Elderly Primary Care Patients in India.

Objective: To assess insomnia and its health correlates among elderly primary care patients in India.

Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,770 elderly primary care patients from 71 government primary health centers in Kerala, India, from May to December 2016. Insomnia was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index.

Association of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms with Academic and Psychopathological Outcomes in Indian College Students: a Retrospective Survey.

Objective: To survey the prevalence of retrospectively recalled clinically significant symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and determine the association of ADHD symptoms in childhood with current academic achievement and psychopathological outcomes among college students in the state of Kerala, India.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 5784 students from 58 colleges selected by cluster random sampling. The Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV was used for recollection of childhood ADHD symptoms; a total score of ≥60 (indicating the 99 percentile) was taken as the cut-off for clinically significant ADHD symptoms in childhood.

Harm from other people's drinking among college students in India.

Introduction And Aims: There is a paucity of studies on the harms experienced by college students from India due to others' drinking, despite their increased risk. We studied the prevalence and correlates of harm from others' drinking among college students in the state of Kerala, India.

Design And Methods: A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included the World Health Organization-Thai Health Harm to Others from Drinking Master Protocol and other structured instruments to assess correlates.

Antipsychotic augmentation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Most studies suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder runs a chronic course. Only 40%-70% of patients respond to first-line treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The most common pharmacological strategy used in clinical practice for partial responders to SSRIs is augmentation with an atypical antipsychotic.

Ethical gaps in conducting research among adult survivors of child sexual abuse: a review.

Although there have been numerous studies, especially in the last few decades, on the impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) on adult survivors, there is a dearth of studies focusing on the ethical aspects of research in this area. Against this background, we reviewed the literature published between January 2000 and December 2016 on the reporting of ethical guidelines followed in research on adult survivors of CSA. We conducted a PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar search to find published research, using the keywords: "child sexual abuse", "adult survivors", "research", "guidelines" and "ethics".