Functionally graded additive manufacturing for orthopedic applications.

Background: Additive Manufacturing due to its benefits in developing parts with complex geometries and shapes, has evolved as an alternate manufacturing process to develop implants with desired properties. The structure of human bones being anisotropic in nature is biologically functionally graded i,e. The structure possesses different properties in different directions.

Nanostructured Coatings: Review on Processing Techniques, Corrosion Behaviour and Tribological Performance.

Corrosion and tribology are surface phenomena. Modifying surfaces of materials without resorting to altering their bulk properties is an effective route to alleviate corrosion, friction and wear, encountered in engineering applications. With the advancements in the field of nanotechnology, surface protective coatings with nanomaterials can be readily developed to explore their functionality in mitigating chemical/physical damage of surfaces.

Nanodiamond Particles as Secondary Additive for Polyalphaolefin Oil Lubrication of Steel-Aluminium Contact.

Nanodiamond (ND) particles are effective lubricant additives. Attention of research has shifted towards investigating the particles as secondary additives. ND particles provide more benefits as secondary additives than as the sole lubricant additive for steel-steel contacts.

Breast imaging reports for malignant lesions: are we maintaining recommended BI-RADS(®) lexicon standards?

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mammography reports for diagnosed breast cancer cases in major government and private centers in Karachi, Pakistan, with respect to concordance with the Breast Imaging Reports And Data System (BI-RADS(®)) lexicon.

Methods: A prospective, descriptive, multicenter study was conducted in the radiology sections of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan Naval Station Shifa Hospital, Advanced Radiology Clinic, Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, and Civil Hospital Karachi between May and October 2010 after approval from the ethical review committee of Aga Khan University. Mammograms reported as BI-RADS category 4 and 5 were included in the study.

Assessment of carotid artery intima media thickness in hypertensive patients compared with normotensives by B-mode ultrasonography.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Common carotid artery intima media thickness has recently generated considerable interest as a marker of atherosclerosis and in the prediction of clinical coronary events and coronary artery disease. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive technique of measuring carotid artery intima media thickness.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic entity. Neurotoxicity with characteristic watershed CT/MR imaging features characterize this condition. This case report describes PRES syndrome in a 35-year-old patient admitted with eclampsia.

Mucocele of the appendix: an unusual cause of disturbed bowel habits.

There are many causes of disturbed bowel habits. In this rare case of mucocele of appendix, patient presented with disturbed bowel habits of increased frequency, urgency and semisolid stool. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed fusiform cyst just below umbilicus.