Review of mayflies (Insecta Ephemeroptera) as a bioindicator of heavy metals and microplastics in freshwater.

Heavy metal and microplastic pollutions are prevalent in freshwater ecosystems, with many freshwater bodies being contaminated by one or both of these pollutants. Recent studies reported extreme detections of Cd, Pb and Zn, high concentrations of Cr, Pb and Cu and microplastics acting as vectors of pollutants, including heavy metals. Mayflies can serve as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems because changes in their community structure, physiology, and behaviour can reflect and help predict the concentrations of metals in these environments.

Interactions between Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) and domestic and wild carnivores in an anthropogenic landscape in Java, Indonesia.

With increasing replacement of native forests with agriculture, it is important to understand the factors allowing non-human primates to persist, including interactions with potential predators. For small-bodied nocturnal primates, smaller carnivores and domestic dogs that often characterise agroforestry landscapes may be a particular threat, especially for primates like slow lorises, which rely on canopy connectivity and are particularly vulnerable on the ground. We present data collected over 12 years in Indonesia.

Biosorption of chromium by live and dead cells of Bacillus nitratireducens isolated from textile effluent.

Bacillus nitratireducens was isolated from textile effluent and showed high tolerance to chromium (Cr), reaching up to a 1000 mg/L MIC value. This research was aimed at utilizing biosorbents from live and dead cells of B. nitratireducens to remove Cr from an aqueous solution.

Impacts of fire and prospects for recovery in a tropical peat forest ecosystem.

Uncontrolled fires place considerable burdens on forest ecosystems, compromising our ability to meet conservation and restoration goals. A poor understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystems and their biodiversity exacerbates this challenge, particularly in tropical regions where few studies have applied consistent analytical techniques to examine a broad range of ecological impacts over multiyear time frames. We compiled 16 y of data on ecosystem properties (17 variables) and biodiversity (21 variables) from a tropical peatland in Indonesia to assess fire impacts and infer the potential for recovery.

Effect of the number of Cyperus rotundus and medium height on the performance of batch-constructed wetland in treating aquaculture effluent.

Increasing aquaculture cultivation produces large quantities of wastewater. If not handled properly, it can have negative impacts on the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the phytoremediation methods that can be applied to treat aquaculture effluent.

A Mobile Health Transitional Care Intervention Delivered by Nurses Improves Postdischarge Outcomes of Caregivers of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Caring for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the transition from hospital to home can be psychologically challenging to caregivers. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel mobile health (m-health) transitional care intervention to reduce stress and burden of caregivers of patients with TBI and to reduce readmissions.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 74 caregivers of adult patients with moderate or severe TBI admitted to a referral hospital in Indonesia.

The first use of a photogrammetry drone to estimate population abundance and predict age structure of threatened Sumatran elephants.

Wildlife monitoring in tropical rainforests poses additional challenges due to species often being elusive, cryptic, faintly colored, and preferring concealable, or difficult to access habitats. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) prove promising for wildlife surveys in different ecosystems in tropical forests and can be crucial in conserving inaccessible biodiverse areas and their associated species. Traditional surveys that involve infiltrating animal habitats could adversely affect the habits and behavior of elusive and cryptic species in response to human presence.

Maximizing diesel removal from contaminated sand using and assessment of rhizobacteria addition effect.

Phytoremediation is one of the green technologies that is friendly to nature, utilizes fewer chemicals, and exhibits good performance. In this study, phytoremediation was used to treat diesel-contaminated sand using a local aquatic plant species, Scirpus mucronatus, by analyzing the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). Optimization of diesel removal was performed according to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) under pilot-scale conditions.

Welfare and Management of Civets in Civet Coffee Tourism Plantations.

Civet coffee is produced with coffee beans that have passed through the digestive tract of civets which are then processed for drinking. Outlets, known as civet coffee tourism plantations are popular tourist attractions in Bali, Indonesia. These outlets keep caged civets for public viewing and sell civet coffee.

Beyond protected areas: The importance of mixed-use landscapes for the conservation of Sumatran elephants ().

Elephants were once widely distributed across the Indonesian island of Sumatra but now exist in small, isolated populations. Using the best data available on elephant occurrence, we aimed to (a) predict potential habitat suitability for elephants () across the island of Sumatra and (b) model landscape connectivity among the extant elephant populations. We used direct sightings and indirect observations of elephant signs, as well as six remotely sensed proxies of surface ruggedness, vegetation productivity and structure, and human land use and disturbance, to model habitat suitability in a Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment.

Accuracy of tropical peat and non-peat fire forecasts enhanced by simulating hydrology.

Soil moisture deficits and water table dynamics are major biophysical controls on peat and non-peat fires in Indonesia. Development of modern fire forecasting models in Indonesia is hampered by the lack of scalable hydrologic datasets or scalable hydrology models that can inform the fire forecasting models on soil hydrologic behaviour. Existing fire forecasting models in Indonesia use weather data-derived fire probability indices, which often do not adequately proxy the sub-surface hydrologic dynamics.

Risk of Viral Infectious Diseases from Live Bats, Primates, Rodents and Carnivores for Sale in Indonesian Wildlife Markets.

Southeast Asia is considered a global hotspot of emerging zoonotic diseases. There, wildlife is commonly traded under poor sanitary conditions in open markets; these markets have been considered 'the perfect storm' for zoonotic disease transmission. We assessed the potential of wildlife trade in spreading viral diseases by quantifying the number of wild animals of four mammalian orders (Rodentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora and Primates) on sale in 14 Indonesian wildlife markets and identifying zoonotic viruses potentially hosted by these animals.

Implementation of Group and Individual Supervision Techniques, and Its Effect on the Work Motivation and Performance of Teachers at School Organization.

Teachers have a very important role in determining the quality of the teaching-learning process and the students' learning outcomes. Learning outcomes will optimally be achieved if it is supported by qualified teachers. One way to enhance the teachers' performance is through instructional supervision which can be divided into two techniques, namely group and individual supervision techniques.

Plant-based coagulants/flocculants: characteristics, mechanisms, and possible utilization in treating aquaculture effluent and benefiting from the recovered nutrients.

The increasing intensification of the aquaculture industry requires the development of new strategies to reduce the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment. Plant-based coagulants/flocculants, regarded as one of the environmentally friendly technologies for wastewater treatment, show good performance in the removal of suspended solids from wastewater. The aforementioned technology involves the utilization of plants as coagulants/flocculants in the treatment process and produces nontoxic sludge as treatment by-products.

Community Mobility and COVID-19 Dynamics in Jakarta, Indonesia.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, mobile-phone data on population movement became publicly available, including Google Community Mobility Reports (CMR). This study explored the utilization of mobility data to predict COVID-19 dynamics in Jakarta, Indonesia. We acquired aggregated and anonymized mobility data sets from 15 February to 31 December 2020.

Assessing the effect of multiple variables on the production of bioflocculant by Serratia marcescens: Flocculating activity, kinetics, toxicity, and flocculation mechanism.

Bioflocculants gain attention as alternatives to chemical flocculants because they are more environmentally friendly and highly biodegradable. This study aims to improve the bioflocculant production by Serratia marcescens using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) analysis and analyze its flocculating activity performance, toxicity, and the flocculation mechanism. The effect of multiple variables including initial inoculum size, pH, mixing speed, temperature, growth medium, and incubation period was assessed through OVAT.

Periventricular hypodensity is associated with the incidence of pre-shunt seizure in hydrocephalic children.

Background: The seizure incidence in hydrocephalic children has been acknowledged in a lot of studies previously; nonetheless, seizure pathogenesis in these children remains unclear. Its high proportion of hydrocephalic children who underwent shunt surgery suggests that the seizure might be associated with the protocol of shunt placement and/or the shunt existence intracranially; however, this hypothesis could not explain the pre-shunt seizure incidence in hydrocephalic children.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the patients' characteristics and CT findings in pre-shunt hydrocephalic children to identify the possible seizure etiology in these patients.

Practical limitations of bioaugmentation in treating heavy metal contaminated soil and role of plant growth promoting bacteria in phytoremediation as a promising alternative approach.

Bioaugmentation, the addition of cultured microorganisms to enhance the currently existing microbial community, is an option to remediate contaminated areas. Several studies reported the success of the bioaugmentation method in treating heavy metal contaminated soil, but concerns related to the applicability of this method in real-scale application were raised. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of heavy metal treatment by microbes (especially bacteria) and the concerns related to the possible application in the real scale were juxtaposed to show the weakness of the claim.

Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products.

Since the implementation of the International Maritime Organization 2004 regulation, most ships have been equipped with on-dock ballast water treatment. While this method is effective in solving the invasive alien species problem, concerns are raised due to the potential release of disinfection by-products (DBPs) as the result of the chemical treatment. This review paper aims to summarize the history of ballast water management (BWM) and the currently used on-dock technology.

Carnivores and their prey in Sumatra: Occupancy and activity in human-dominated forests.

Understanding the effect of anthropogenic disturbance, and its interaction with carnivores and their prey, is crucial to support the conservation of threatened carnivores, particularly in rapidly changing landscapes. Based on systematic camera-trap sampling of four protected areas in Riau Province of central Sumatra, we assessed the habitat occupancy and spatiotemporal overlap between people, potential carnivore prey, and four threatened species of medium-sized or large carnivores: Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae), Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), dholes (Cuon alpinus), and Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi). To assess spatial overlap of target species, we used single-species occupancy models and applied a Species Interaction Factor (SIF) to conditional two-species occupancy models.

Integrated emergent-floating planted reactor for textile effluent: Removal potential, optimization of operational conditions and potential forthcoming waste management strategy.

Native emergent and floating plants; local reed grass (Phragmites karka) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), respectively, were used to treat textile wastewater using an integrated emergent-floating planted reactor (IEFPR) system at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 8, 14, and 19 days. Real textile effluent having characteristics of 1686.3 ADMI for colour, 535 mg/L for total suspended solid (TSS), 647.

Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia.

Deforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland has also undergone a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are the main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world depend on coffee production, which has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through agricultural extensification and intensification.

Comparative performance of Scirpus grossus for phytotreating mixed dye wastewater in batch and continuous pilot subsurface constructed wetland systems.

Dye is one of the pollutants found in water bodies because of the increased growth of the textile industry. In this study, Scirpus grossus was planted inside a constructed wetland to treat mixed dye (methylene blue and methyl orange)-containing wastewater under batch and continuous modes. The plants were exposed to various concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) of mixed dye for 72 days (with hydraulic retention time of 7 days for the continuous system).

Envisioning a resilient future for biodiversity conservation in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect societies across the world, the ongoing economic and social disruptions are likely to present fundamental challenges for current and future biodiversity conservation.We review the literature for outcomes of past major societal, political, economic and zoonotic perturbations on biodiversity conservation, and demonstrate the complex implications of perturbation events upon conservation efforts. Building on the review findings, we use six in-depth case studies and the emerging literature to identify positive and negative outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic, known and anticipated, for biodiversity conservation efforts around the world.