A New Perspective for Improving COPD: Ginsenoside Rg3 Links SIRT1 to Inhibit Mitochondrial Autophagy.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent yet manageable respiratory condition. However, treatments presently used normally have side effects and cannot cure COPD, making it urgent to explore effective medications. The ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties and can improve COPD.

Risk stratification based on changes in the standard maximal uptake value on PET/CT and the plasma Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) DNA status after two cycles of chemotherapy for extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma.

Although different types of prognostic indices have been applied in extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), they are based mainly on clinical characteristics before treatment. Moreover, these methods lack early assessment and tumor metabolic parameters. It remains unclear whether changes in the plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBVDNA) status and SUVmax after two cycles of chemotherapy may predict disease prognosis.

Polyketide Synthase Acyltransferase Domain Swapping for Enhanced EPA Recognition and Efficient Coproduction of EPA and DHA in sp.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) used as nutritional supplements. The natural EPA content in sp. is low, and traditional strategies to increase EPA levels often compromise DHA content or lipid accumulation, hindering industrial coproduction.

[Simultaneous determination and toxicokinetic study of six compounds from Zhachong Shisanwei Pills in plasma of chronic cerebral ischemia rats by LC-MS/MS].

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determining the concentrations of costunolide(CO), piperine(PI), agarotetrol(AG), glycyrrhizic acid(GL), vanillic acid(VA), and glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) in rat plasma. This method was then applied to the toxicokinetic study of these six compounds in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia(CCI) following multiple oral doses of Zhachong Shisanwei Pills. Finally, the effects of continuous multiple-dose administration of Zhachong Shisanwei Pills on the liver of CCI rats were investigated.

Design of a humanized CD40 agonist antibody with specific properties using AlphaFold2 and development of an anti-PD-L1/CD40 bispecific antibody for cancer immunotherapy.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Challenges in immunotherapy include inefficient early events in the immune response cycle, such as antigen presentation and T cell priming. Background stimulation of CD40 with agonistic antibodies is a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

[The effectiveness of CT-MRI image fusion technology in the preoperative assessment of middle ear cholesteatoma].

To evaluate the effectiveness of CT-MRI image fusion technology in the preoperative assessment of middle ear cholesteatoma. The clinical data of patients with middle ear cholesteatoma who underwent surgery at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from September 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative CT and MRI of the patients were automatically fused using the open-source software 3D Slicer, followed by 3D reconstruction of the fused inner ear structures.

HDACi combination therapy with IDO1i remodels the tumor microenvironment and boosts antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability.

Background: Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite stability (MSS) and mismatch repair proficiency (pMMR) has shown limited success in clinical trials. The combination of immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a potential strategy for treating CRC.

Methods: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed via database analysis, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting.

Investigating the impact of non-standard positioning on the accuracy of skull tracking algorithms using dual-panel imaging systems.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of non-standard positioning on the accuracy of 6D-skull tracking using dual-panel imaging systems. It explores whether positioning patients' heads at various angles during intracranial lesion treatment affects the accuracy of the CyberKnife 6D-skull tracking system.

Materials And Methods: A heterogeneous density skull phantom was used to simulate various patient skull positioning angles.

No causal association between serum vitamin D levels and bronchiectasis: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Observational studies have reported an association between Vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of bronchiectasis. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Vitamin D levels and bronchiectasis using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Data from 2 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on European ancestry were analyzed: serum vitamin D levels (sample size = 441,291 [UK Biobank]) and bronchiectasis (sample size = 187,830 [cases = 1107, controls = 186,723; FinnGen]).

Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation in the Asia-Pacific region: APBMT Activity Survey 2020/2021.

COVID-19 became a global pandemic in 2020 and significantly affected the activity of hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) worldwide. Despite these challenges, a total of 28,793 transplants, including 18,518 allogeneic and 10,275 autologous transplants, were performed in 719 facilities in 2020 in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. This represented a 5.

Nuclear GTPSCS functions as a lactyl-CoA synthetase to promote histone lactylation and gliomagenesis.

Histone lysine lactylation is a physiologically and pathologically relevant epigenetic pathway that can be stimulated by the Warburg effect-associated L-lactate. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which cells use L-lactate to generate lactyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and how this process is regulated remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-specific SCS (GTPSCS) as a lactyl-CoA synthetase in the nucleus.

USP38 exacerbates myocardial injury and malignant ventricular arrhythmias after ischemia/reperfusion by promoting ferroptosis through the P53/SLC7A11 pathway.

Introduction: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to myocardial injury and malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death that plays a role in myocardial injury after I/R. Ubiquitin-specific protease 38 (USP38), a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family, is involved in regulating the progression of inflammation and tumors, but its role in myocardial I/R and ferroptosis is unclear.

Advances in CAR-T cell therapy for hematologic and solid malignancies: latest updates from 2024 ESMO Congress.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as one of the most rapidly evolving modalities of immunotherapy, with substantial success in the treatment of hematological malignancies and encouraging outcomes in solid tumors. Yet, the efficacy of CAR-T therapy is hindered by challenges such as suboptimal expansion and persistence, adverse events, a scarcity of ideal targets, high immunosuppression, and insufficient infiltration due to the intricate tumor microenvironment, all of which limit its application. The 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress presented novel CAR-T cell therapies for hematologic and solid malignancies, focusing on strategies such as cytokine modulation, innovative targets, allogeneic development, mRNA vaccine synergy, in vivo delivery and conditional activation to surmount these challenges.

Research Status of Different Adjuvants on Nerve Block's Effect.

Background: Acute postoperative pain is one of the most common challenges faced by patients who undergo surgery. Multimodal analgesia has been recommended in recent years to effectively control this condition. Nerve blocks are an important part of multimodal analgesia; a single peripheral nerve block is widely used in clinical practice.

Skeletal Rearrangement of Azo Compounds Enables Low-Potential, High-capacity Organic Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries.

The widespread adoption of rechargeable alkaline batteries is plagued by the performance-limiting metal anodes, which are prone to (electro)chemical corrosion and raise environmental or economic concerns. Organic redox-active materials offer a potential solution, but they typically struggle with dissolution-induced degradation and insufficiently negative reduction potentials. Herein, we introduce benzo[c]cinnoline and its derivatives (collectively referred to as BCCs), a class of aromatic azo compounds with fused-ring structure, as promising organic anode materials.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for T cell-derived hematological malignancies.

Relapsed/refractory T cell-derived malignancies present with high heterogeneity and poor prognoses. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown remarkable safety and efficacy in the treatment of B cell-derived malignancies. However, the treatment of CAR-T cells in T cell-derived malignancies has more limitations, such as fratricide, T cell aplasia, and tumor contamination, mainly because of the similarity between normal and malignant T cells.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3-Alkylidene-2-Indolone Derivatives.

The escalating threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi underscores an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activities of two series of 3-alkylidene-2-indolone derivatives. We synthesized 32 target compounds, among which 25 exhibited moderate to high antibacterial or antifungal activities.

A retrospective single-center study of transnasal ileus tube insertion accompanied with cap-assisted endoscopic advancement for malignant adhesive bowel obstruction.

To investigate the effectiveness of cap-assisted endoscope synchronous advancement and tube direction adjustment for inserting transnasal ileus tubes in patients with malignant adhesive bowel obstruction (MABO). 25 patients with cap-assisted endoscopic synchronous method (Group A, Dec 2023-Apr 2024) were reviewed retrospectively. Accordingly, those with forceps-grasping method (Group B: 27, Aug 2022-Nov 2023) were included as controls.

Expanding the frontiers of genome engineering: A comprehensive review of CRISPR-associated transposons.

Genome engineering is extensively utilized in diverse scientific disciplines, advancing human welfare and addressing various challenges. Numerous genome engineering tools have been developed to modify genomic sequences. Among these, the CRISPR-Cas system has transformed the field and remains the most commonly employed genome-editing tool.