Ionic fluctuations in finite volumes: fractional noise and hyperuniformity.

Observing finite regions of a bigger system is a common aim, from microscopy to molecular simulations. In the latter especially, there is ongoing interest in predicting thermodynamic properties from tracking fluctuations in finite observation volumes. However, kinetic properties have received little attention, especially not in ionic solutions, where electrostatic interactions play a decisive role.

Electrical noise in electrolytes: a theoretical perspective.

Seemingly unrelated experiments such as electrolyte transport through nanotubes, nano-scale electrochemistry, NMR relaxometry and surface force balance measurements, all probe electrical fluctuations: of the electric current, the charge and polarization, the field gradient (for quadrupolar nuclei) and the coupled mass/charge densities. The fluctuations of such various observables arise from the same underlying microscopic dynamics of the ions and solvent molecules. In principle, the relevant length and time scales of these dynamics are encoded in the dynamic structure factors.

Frequency and field-dependent response of confined electrolytes from Brownian dynamics simulations.

Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we investigate the effects of confinement, adsorption on surfaces, and ion-ion interactions on the response of confined electrolyte solutions to oscillating electric fields in the direction perpendicular to the confining walls. Nonequilibrium simulations allows to characterize the transitions between linear and nonlinear regimes when varying the magnitude and frequency of the applied field, but the linear response, characterized by the frequency-dependent conductivity, is more efficiently predicted from the equilibrium current fluctuations. To that end, we (rederive and) use the Green-Kubo relation appropriate for overdamped dynamics, which differs from the standard one for Newtonian or underdamped Langevin dynamics.

[Hormones and embryogenesis of the uterine cervix].

In the absence of the T.D.F.

[Histogenetic study of corpus luteum in the human ovary].

The authors present a histological study of the formation of the corpus luteum after follicular rupture. According to the classical conception, the corpus luteum is derived from luteinisation of the granulosa cells: the theca interna participates in its formation only to a lesser degree. The authors criticize this histogenesis and describe the corpus luteum as being entirely derived from thecal cells.

[From embryogenesis to female phenotype in subjects with XY karyotype].

On the basis of the findings of their investigation of the embryogenesis of the female genital tract, the authors advance a hypothesis concerning the origin of ambiguities between the genetic sex and the gonophoric sex which determine primary sexual characteristics observed in Morris' syndrome and in gonadoblastoma. According to the authors, in gonadoblastoma there is dysgenesis or even agenesis of the gonads, with a total absence of Sertoli cells and, therefore, no secretion of anti-Müller substance and this explains the development of the Müller canals into uterus and Fallopian tubes and the presence of a vagina in an XY subject. In the syndrome of the feminizing testis, XY subjects have testes containing Sertoli cells which have produced anti-Müller substance.

[Genital sites of giant-cell arteritis].

Temporal arteritis is one of the localisation of the giant cell arteritis. The involvement of the female genital tract had been rarely reported with only 16 cases in the literature. We report 3 cases revealed by a tumor of the genital tract.

[New findings on the embryogenesis of the uterus].

In this study including twelve embryos, aged 4 to 8 weeks, and twenty-one fetuses between 9 and 25 weeks, and a group of five still-born fetuses between 25 and 40 weeks, the authors used conventional techniques of histological preparations and immuno-chemistry according to the BSA technique (biotin-streptavidin with peroxidase labelling), in order to demonstrate that the uterus presents a "dual embryogenesis". The endometrium with its stroma and the transition zone endometrium-myometrium have a coelomic origin. The myometrium with the common connective tissue derive from primary mesenchyma.

[New findings on the embryogenesis of the vagina].

The authors have studied a series of twelve embryos between 4 and 8 weeks of age and 21 fetuses between 9 and 25 weeks of gestation. From this material they have made a study of the embryogenesis of the vagina, which shows that the whole of the vagina, and not only the lower third or fifth, is derived from the vaginal plate, this latter is the result of proliferation and fusion of the two sino-vaginal bulbs. This study supports the unitary theory ascribing formation of the vagina to ascension and extension of the vaginal plate which is derived from the cloacal sinus.

[Histologic study of the gonads in ovarian differentiation during organogenesis].

We report the results of a histologic study of the differentiating ovary carried out in human embryos and fetuses. Up to the sixth week, the anlage of the gonad is formed by the proliferation of cells originating from the coelomic mesothelium; this proliferation starts with the migration of the primordial germ cells. Between the sixth and the tenth weeks, the primary mesenchyma invades the epithelial mass and divides it into "cords"; by division, the germ cells contained within the mass become ovocytes.

[Tissue changes caused by the diathermy loop].

An attempt of classification of the effects induced by electro-resection on the squamous epithelium of the cervix is presented. It has been founded on predominant features observed on histologic material notably: acantholysis, cells segregation by lysis of intercellular bridges and dislodgment of basal cells from basement membrane by dissolution of reticulin fibers.

[Structure and function of the fetal umbilical vessels].

A morphological study carried out using electron microscopy has shown that there is an endothelium in the umbilical blood vessels consisting of intercellular spaces which interdigitate with one another and that are not specialization in junction complex. The endothelial cells are rich in their typical organ structure and have pinocytotic vesicles. There media contains a muscular coat which is thicker in the artery than in the veins.

[The extemporaneous examination: the decisive step in the surgical strategy in breast lesions].

Research into breast diseases is developing in all directions. In particular, there has been great progress in the fields of cytology, radiology, isotope studies, thermography and ultrasonography. The diversity of these methods reflects the complexity of the diagnosis.

[Reflections on endometrial osteogenesis. Apropos of 3 cases].

The authors report three cases of endometrial ossification. They believe that the presence of bone in the uterus is associated with two very distinct situations. One is the retention in utero of fragments of foetal bone after a late abortion.