Diphtheria serology in adults in Central Java and East Java, Indonesia: the importance of continuous diphtheria vaccination.

Background: Vaccination increase immunity against diphtheria, yet will decrease by aging. Therefore, boosters are needed to be done regularly.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the immunity to diphtheria for the population of 16 years old and above.

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing surveillance in the human, food chain, and environment sectors: Tricycle project (pilot) in Indonesia.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been implementing antimicrobial surveillance with a "One Health" approach, known as the Global Surveillance ESBL Tricycle Project. We describe the implementation of the Tricycle Project (pilot) in Indonesia, focusing on its results, challenges and recommendations. The samples were 116 patients with bloodstream infections caused by ESBL , 100 rectal swabs collected from pregnant women, 240 cecums of broiler, and 119 environmental samples, using the standardized method according to the guidelines.

Finding incident cancer cases through outpatient oncology clinic claims data and integration into a state cancer registry.

Cancer data from population-based cancer registries under-report cancer cases, especially for cancers primarily diagnosed and treated in outpatient clinical settings, away from hospital-based cancer registrars. Previously, we developed alternative methods of cancer case capture including a claims-based method, which identified a large proportion of cancer cases missed by traditional population-based cancer registries. In this study, we adapted a claims-based method for statewide implementation of cancer surveillance in Florida.

Survival of patients with de-novo metastatic breast cancer: analysis of data from a large breast cancer-specific private practice, a university-based cancer center and review of the literature.

Approximately 6 % of patients with breast cancer are diagnosed with de-novo distant metastases. We set out to look at two cohorts of patients seen at breast cancer-specific practices, compare the results to other reports and larger databases, and see how advances in treatment have impacted overall survival (OS). The records from a large breast cancer oncology private practice and a second data set from the University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (UM/SCCC) tumor database were, retrospectively, reviewed to identify patients with de-novo metastases.

[O2 sensitive L-lactate biosensors with enzyme membranes based on L-lactate-2-monooxygenase and L-lactate-oxidase with electroanalytic comparison].

O2-sensitive biosensors using oxidase membranes have acquired considerable electro-analytical importance. Since some of these O2-converting enzymes also produce H2O2, the use of additive reagents for the O2-free breakdown of the H2O2 in the second reaction has repeatedly been reported. In contrast to L-lactate oxidase, L-lactate-2-monooxygenase converts its substrate without producing H2O2.

[Long-functioning beta-D-glucose and L-lactate biosensors for continuous flow-through measurements for "fouling"-resistant and selectivity-optimized serum- and hemoanalysis].

Bioelectrochemical membrane-electrodes for O2-sensitive enzymatic flow-through analysis of beta-D-glucose and L-lactate are described. The enzyme-membranes of the biosensors consist of glucose-oxidase or lactate-oxidase molecules cross-linked with glutardialdehyde between two dialysis membranes. The accuracy of the biosensors is demonstrated by electroanalysis of diluted control serum and compared with redox-mediator-free H2O2 detection and photometric methods.

[Urea sensor for the continuous ammonium-selective enzymatic process control of the artificial kidney].

Presented is a flow-through method for continuous ammonium-selective enzymatic monitoring of the artificial kidney by means of a bioelectrochemical urea electrode. The urea is converted in an enzyme membrane by covalently bound urease and the ammonium ions are detected by a Nonactin-PVC-membrane. In addition to detailed data from the oxygen-independent solid-state contact sensor, curves are obtained on-line from the patient during the haemodialysis session.

[Ion-selective electro-analyser with tubular solid contact flow-through sensors for continuous bioelectrochemically controlled hemodialysis of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and pH].

An ion-selective electroanalyzer for bio-electrochemically controlled hemodialysis will be described. The bedside analysers are solid-contact flow-through electrodes based on tubular carrier-PVC-membranes for potassium, sodium, calcium and chloride. This multi-measurement system with series-connected biosensors in modular construction is provided with a chemosensor for pH measurements.

[Electrochemical measuring system for the registration of transmucosal gastrointestinal potential differences].

An electrochemical measuring system for the recording of transmucosal gastrointestinal potential differences based on silver electrodes with double-junctions and continuous-flow saline bridges is described. Under bioelectrochemical control, a probe can passed from the esophagus via the stomach into the duodenum can be accurately assigned to each of these three segments of the intestine. Measurements are demonstrated and applications discussed.