Ligand-specific dynamics of the androgen receptor at its response element in living cells.

Androgens have key roles in normal physiology and in male sexual differentiation as well as in pathological conditions such as prostate cancer. Androgens act through the androgen receptor (AR), which is a ligand-modulated transcription factor. Antiandrogens block AR function and are widely used in disease states, but little is known about their mechanism of action in vivo.

HDAC1 acetylation is linked to progressive modulation of steroid receptor-induced gene transcription.

Although histone deacetylases (HDACs) are generally viewed as corepressors, we show that HDAC1 serves as a coactivator for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Furthermore, a subfraction of cellular HDAC1 is acetylated after association with the GR, and this acetylation event correlates with a decrease in promoter activity. HDAC1 in repressed chromatin is highly acetylated, while the deacetylase found on transcriptionally active chromatin manifests a low level of acetylation.

Cholera in Indonesia in 1993-1999.

Cholera-specific surveillance in Indonesia was initiated to identify the introduction of the newly recognized Vibrio cholerae non-O1, O139 serotype. Findings from seven years (1993-1999) of surveillance efforts also yielded regional profiles of the importance of cholera in both epidemic and sporadic diarrheal disease occurrence throughout the archipelago. A two-fold surveillance strategy was pursued involving 1) outbreak investigations, and 2) hospital-based case recognition.

The use of a coagglutination test to presumptively identify Salmonella typhi in bone marrow-oxgall medium cultures from typhoid fever patients.

A study was conducted to test a coagglutination procedure for detection of Salmonella typhi in bone marrow cultures from suspected typhoid patients admitted to Friendship Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The results of the coagglutination tests were compared to the results from standard cultural isolation and identification. Bone marrow aspirates (356) were cultured in oxgall medium and aliquots subcultured daily for 7 days while simultaneously testing for the presence of Salmonella group D and Vi antigens using coagglutination (COAG).