Cotton GhMAX2 promotes single-celled fiber elongation by releasing the GhS1FA-mediated inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis.

Cotton GhMAX2 positively regulates fiber elongation by mediating the degradation of GhS1FA, which transcriptionally represses GhKCS9 expression. Strigolactones (SLs) are known to promote cotton fiber development. However, the precise molecular relationship between SL signaling and fiber cell elongation remains unclear.

Development and validation of a prognostic model based on m6A-related lncRNAs to predict prognosis for papillary renal cell cancer patients.

To evaluate the predictive utility of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for the prognosis and immunotherapy response in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). Transcriptomic data of pRCC samples were extracted from the TCGA database. The m6A-related lncRNAs were identified by Pearson correlation analysis.

Selenium metabolism and selenoproteins function in brain and encephalopathy.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of the utmost importance to human health. Its deficiency induces various disorders. Se species can be absorbed by organisms and metabolized to hydrogen selenide for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins, selenonucleic acids, or selenosugars.

GhGRF4/GhARF2-GhGASA24 module regulates fiber cell wall thickness by modulating cellulose biosynthesis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Fiber elongation rate is an essential characteristic of cotton fiber in the textile industry, yet it has been largely overlooked in genetic studies. Gibberellins (GAs) and auxin (IAA) are recognized for their role in directing numerous developmental processes in plants by influencing cell differentiation and elongation. However, the degree to which GA-IAA interaction governs cellular elongation in cotton fiber cells remains to be fully understood.

Strigolactone-induced degradation of SMXL7 and SMXL8 contributes to gibberellin- and auxin-mediated fiber cell elongation in cotton.

Cotton (Gossypium) fiber length, a key trait determining fiber yield and quality, is highly regulated by a class of recently identified phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SL signaling involved in fiber cell development are largely unknown. Here, we show that the SL signaling repressors MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2-LIKE7 (GhSMXL7) and GhSMXL8 negatively regulate cotton fiber elongation.

Cotton transposon-related variome reveals roles of transposon-related variations in modern cotton cultivation.

Introduction: Transposon plays a vital role in cotton genome evolution, contributing to the expansion and divergence of genomes within the Gossypium genus. However, knowledge of transposon activity in modern cotton cultivation is limited.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to construct transposon-related variome within Gossypium genus and reveal role of transposon-related variations during cotton cultivation.

GhHDZ76, a cotton HD-Zip transcription factor, involved in regulating the initiation and early elongation of cotton fiber development in G. hirsutum.

In this study, the whole HD-Zip family members of G. hirsutum were identified, and GhHDZ76 was classified into the HD-Zip IV subgroup. GhHDZ76 was predominantly expressed in the 0-5 DPA of fiber development stage and localized in the nucleus.

MF-Net: multi-scale feature extraction-integration network for unsupervised deformable registration.

Deformable registration plays a fundamental and crucial role in scenarios such as surgical navigation and image-assisted analysis. While deformable registration methods based on unsupervised learning have shown remarkable success in predicting displacement fields with high accuracy, many existing registration networks are limited by the lack of multi-scale analysis, restricting comprehensive utilization of global and local features in the images. To address this limitation, we propose a novel registration network called multi-scale feature extraction-integration network (MF-Net).

Fingerprint Finder: Identifying Genomic Fingerprint Sites in Cotton Cohorts for Genetic Analysis and Breeding Advancement.

Genomic data in Gossypium provide numerous data resources for the cotton genomics community. However, to fill the gap between genomic analysis and breeding field work, detecting the featured genomic items of a subset cohort is essential for geneticists. We developed FPFinder v1.

3D-CAM: a novel context-aware feature extraction framework for neurological disease classification.

In clinical practice and research, the classification and diagnosis of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) have long posed a significant challenge. Currently, deep learning, as a cutting-edge technology, has demonstrated immense potential in computer-aided diagnosis of PD and MSA. However, existing methods rely heavily on manually selecting key feature slices and segmenting regions of interest.

SELENOK-dependent CD36 palmitoylation regulates microglial functions and Aβ phagocytosis.

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a key factor in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selenium (Se) compounds show promise in AD treatment. Here, we revealed that selenoprotein K (SELENOK), a selenoprotein involved in immune regulation and potentially related to AD pathology, plays a critical role in microglial immune response, migration, and phagocytosis.

GhUBC10-2 mediates GhGSTU17 degradation to regulate salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC) is a crucial component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which contributes to plant growth and development. While some UBCs have been identified as potential regulators of abiotic stress responses, the underlying mechanisms of this regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we report a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) UBC gene, GhUBC10-2, which negatively regulates the salt stress response.

Cotton pedigree genome reveals restriction of cultivar-driven strategy in cotton breeding.

Background: Many elite genes have been identified from the available cotton genomic data, providing various genetic resources for gene-driven breeding. However, backbone cultivar-driven breeding is the most widely applied strategy. Revealing the genetic basis of cultivar-driven strategy's restriction is crucial for transition of cotton breeding strategy.

Multiple sequence alignment-based RNA language model and its application to structural inference.

Compared with proteins, DNA and RNA are more difficult languages to interpret because four-letter coded DNA/RNA sequences have less information content than 20-letter coded protein sequences. While BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)-like language models have been developed for RNA, they are ineffective at capturing the evolutionary information from homologous sequences because unlike proteins, RNA sequences are less conserved. Here, we have developed an unsupervised multiple sequence alignment-based RNA language model (RNA-MSM) by utilizing homologous sequences from an automatic pipeline, RNAcmap, as it can provide significantly more homologous sequences than manually annotated Rfam.

Identification and molecular evolution of the GLX genes in 21 plant species: a focus on the Gossypium hirsutum.

Background: The glyoxalase system includes glyoxalase I (GLXI), glyoxalase II (GLXII) and glyoxalase III (GLXIII), which are responsible for methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification and involved in abiotic stress responses such as drought, salinity and heavy metal.

Results: In this study, a total of 620 GLX family genes were identified from 21 different plant species. The results of evolutionary analysis showed that GLX genes exist in all species from lower plants to higher plants, inferring that GLX genes might be important for plants, and GLXI and GLXII account for the majority.

Whey protein powder with milk fat globule membrane attenuates Alzheimer's disease pathology in 3×Tg-AD mice by modulating neuroinflammation through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ signaling pathway.

Whey protein powder (PP), which is mainly derived from bovine milk, is rich in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The MGFM has been shown to play a role in promoting neuronal development and cognition in the infant brain. However, its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been elucidated.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Key Genes Regulating Gossypol Synthesis in Tetraploid Cultivated Cotton.

Tetraploid cultivated cotton ( spp.) produces cottonseeds rich in protein and oil. Gossypol and related terpenoids, stored in the pigment glands of cottonseeds, are toxic to human beings and monogastric animals.

Weakly-Supervised 3D Spatial Reasoning for Text-Based Visual Question Answering.

Text-based Visual Question Answering (TextVQA) aims to produce correct answers for given questions about the images with multiple scene texts. In most cases, the texts naturally attach to the surface of the objects. Therefore, spatial reasoning between texts and objects is crucial in TextVQA.

Multifunctional theranostic carbazole-based cyanine for real-time imaging of amyloid-β and therapeutic treatment of multiple pathologies in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the synaptic and neuronal loss, which results in cognitive impairment in particular learning and memory. Currently, AD is incurable and no single confirmative test can clinically be used to diagnose AD. In light of the complex and multifactorial nature of AD etiology, the development of multifunctional/multi-target drugs that act on multiple pathological pathways and mechanisms shows great therapeutic potential for intervention of this devastating disease.

Automatic Kidney Segmentation Method Based on an Enhanced Generative Adversarial Network.

When deciding on a kidney tumor's diagnosis and treatment, it is critical to take its morphometry into account. It is challenging to undertake a quantitative analysis of the association between kidney tumor morphology and clinical outcomes due to a paucity of data and the need for the time-consuming manual measurement of imaging variables. To address this issue, an autonomous kidney segmentation technique, namely SegTGAN, is proposed in this paper, which is based on a conventional generative adversarial network model.

Identification of MYB gene family and functional analysis of GhMYB4 in cotton (Gossypium spp.).

Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors (TFs) form a large gene family involved in a variety of biological processes in plants. Little is known about their roles in the development of cotton pigment glands. In this study, 646 MYB members were identified in Gossypium hirsutum genome and phylogenetic classification was analyzed.

Semi-Supervised CT Lesion Segmentation Using Uncertainty-Based Data Pairing and SwapMix.

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods show their powerful performance to deal with the issue of data shortage in the field of medical image segmentation. However, existing SSL methods still suffer from the problem of unreliable predictions on unannotated data due to the lack of manual annotations for them. In this paper, we propose an unreliability-diluted consistency training (UDiCT) mechanism to dilute the unreliability in SSL by assembling reliable annotated data into unreliable unannotated data.

Functional characterization of the gene reveals its significant role in improving nitrogen use efficiency in .

Background: Nitrate is the primary type of nitrogen available to plants, which is absorbed and transported by nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) at low nitrate conditions.

Methods: Genome-wide identification of genes in was performed. Gene expression patterns were revealed using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR.

Identification and Characterization of Phytocyanin Family Genes in Cotton Genomes.

Phytocyanins (PCs) are a class of plant-specific blue copper proteins that have been demonstrated to play a role in electron transport and plant development. Through analysis of the copper ligand residues, spectroscopic properties, and domain architecture of the protein, PCs have been grouped into four subfamilies: uclacyanins (UCs), stellacyanins (SCs), plantacyanins (PLCs), and early nodulin-like proteins (ENODLs). The present study aimed to identify and characterise the PCs present in three distinct cotton species (, , and ) through the identification of 98, 63, and 69 genes respectively.