Sacroiliac Joint Tuberculosis With Concomitant Iliopsoas Abscess Suggesting a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge: A Case Report.

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) tuberculosis (TB) is an infrequent clinical entity, especially in developed countries. The symptoms are usually non-specific, and therefore it may mimic a variety of degenerative and non-degenerative diseases, hampering the diagnosis. An interesting case of SIJ infection with psoas abscess in a 77-year-old male is presented in the current article.

Inflamed Appendix Protruding Through a Right Broad Ligament Defect: A Case Report.

The protrusion of the appendix through a broad ligament defect suggests an extremely rare clinical entity, especially when the clinical manifestation of this condition is acute appendicitis. The current article presents a case of a 23-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with right lower abdominal pain and nausea, accompanied by elevated white blood cell count. Imaging performed, both ultrasound and computed tomography, reported acute appendicitis, without evidence of a broad ligament defect.

Clinical and epidemiological features of mpox in a Brazilian reference center for HIV and sexually transmitted infections: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The 2022 mpox outbreak has affected disproportionately people living with HIV (PLWH) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate factors associated with laboratory diagnosis of mpox among suspected cases, and access differences between PrEP users and PLWH with confirmed diagnostic.

Results: 394 mpox suspected cases were analyzed, 309 (78.

The Interactions Between Vulnerabilities for HIV and Syphilis among Cisgender and Transgender People Who Use Drugs.

In Brazil, transgender people are most affected by HIV, and crack cocaine addiction may contribute to social vulnerability and exposure to sexual and violence-related risks. This cross-sectional study comprised 2393 individuals seeking addiction treatment, consisting of 43 trans women, 1995 cisgender men, and 355 cisgender women. Records of rapid test results for HIV and syphilis and screening responses of trans women were compared to both cisgender groups using a logistic regression model to identify associated risk factors.

HIV self-test: a tool to expand test uptake among men who have sex with men who have never been tested for HIV in São Paulo, Brazil.

Objectives: HIV self-testing is an effective tool to improve diagnostic coverage in key populations, enabling linkage to care and access to antiretroviral therapy. Its implementation requires better understanding of patients' perspectives on this novel strategy. The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of men who have sex with men (MSM) regarding the HIV oral fluid self-test (HIVST) in São Paulo, Brazil, and to analyse the sociodemographic characteristics and testing strategy preferences of individuals registered to undertake HIVST.

COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS in a cohort study in Sao Paulo, Brazil: outcomes and disparities by race and schooling.

Studies describing characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 among people living with HIV are currently limited, lacking detailed evaluation of the interplay among demographics, HIV-related variables, and comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes. This retrospective cohort study describes mortality rates overall and according to demographic characteristics and explores predictors of admission to intensive care unit and death among 255 persons living with HIV with severe acute respiratory syndrome and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We found that the overall mortality rate was 4.

Improving the continuum of care monitoring in Brazilian HIV healthcare services: An implementation science approach.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an intervention improving the continuum of care monitoring (CCM) within HIV public healthcare services in São Paulo, Brazil, and implementing a clinical monitoring system. This system identified three patient groups prioritized for additional care engagement: (1) individuals diagnosed with HIV, but not receiving treatment (the treatment gap group); (2) individuals receiving treatment for >6 months with a detectable viral load (the virologic failure group); and (3) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU).

Methods: The implementation strategies included three training sessions, covering system logistics, case discussions, and development of maintenance goals.

An intervention for the implementation of clinical monitoring in specialized care services to people living with HIV/AIDS.

The clinical monitoring of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) contributes to identifying and managing cases of individuals who have not begun treatment (gap), those experiencing treatment failure or who have abandoned treatment. This article sought to present and discuss the development of a methodology to implement the clinical monitoring of PLWHA in the services of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The methodology used since 2014 by the CRT-STI/AIDS-Coordination of the STI/AIDS Program, São Paulo State, Brazil, was re-structured in three meetings between June and August 2018.

The QualiRede intervention: improving the performance of care continuum in HIV, congenital syphilis, and hepatitis C in health regions.

Introduction: Care continuum models have supported recent strategies against sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV).

Methods: HIV, HCV, and congenital syphilis care continuum models were developed, including all stages of care, from promotion/prevention to clinical control/cure. The models supported the intervention QualiRede, developed by a University-Brazilian National Health System (SUS) partnership focused on managers and other professionals from six priority health regions in São Paulo and Santa Catarina.

Eliminating vertical transmission of HIV in São Paulo, Brazil: progress and challenges.

Background: HIV infection in children is an important public health problem in the world, mainly in poorer countries. If all recommendations are followed, the elimination of HIV vertical transmission is a concrete possibility. This study aims to estimate vertical transmission rates of HIV in São Paulo State, Brazil, based on pregnant women diagnosed and reported in 2006, identifying potentially associated factors.

Between-subject variations of transition zone epithelial volume and serum PSA levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: We verified if the measure of transition zone epithelial volume (TZepiV) could be a valid predictor of serum PSA value in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials And Methods: Between January 2005 and July 2008, a total of 90 patients undergoing transvesical suprapubic adenomectomy for sintomatic BPH were enrolled. In case of an elevated PSA level (above 4 ng/ml) or abnormal digital rectal examination, systematic multisite biopsies were performed preoperatively to rule out prostate cancer.

ORTHOPEDIC COMPLICATIONS IN HIV PATIENTS.

The considerable increase of the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients in the age of highly-powerful antiretroviral treatment results in important metabolic and bone-joint changes resulting from a long-lasting viral infection time and from this treatment. The most common orthopaedic complications are bone mineralization changes, osteonecrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome and gleno-humeral adhesive capsulitis, with different clinical presentation features, natural disease progression and therapeutic response compared to the overall population. Literature reports are initial, and the experience of the multidisciplinary service of the University of Sao Paulo's Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology enables us a more indepth knowledge about the various pathologies involved and the development of treatment protocols that are appropriate to these diagnoses.

Exploring surfaces and cavities in lipoxygenase and other proteins by hyperpolarized xenon-129 NMR.

This paper presents an exploratory study of the binding interactions of xenon with the surface of several different proteins in the solution and solid states using both conventional and hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR. The generation of hyperpolarized (129)Xe by spin exchange optical pumping affords an enhancement by 3-4 orders of magnitude of its NMR signal. As a result, it is possible to observe Xe directly bound to the surface of micromolar quantities of lyophilized protein.

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in São Paulo State, Brazil: an update.

Background: São Paulo State has had the largest number of paediatric AIDS cases in Brazil. Since 1996, São Paulo (and Brazil nationally) has implemented an aggressive programme to reduce perinatal transmission. We have gathered available indicators to examine the programme's impact.

Antiretroviral resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients enrolled in genotype testing at the Central Public Health Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil: preliminary results.

Antiretroviral resistance mutations (ARM) are one of the major obstacles for pharmacological human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression. Plasma HIV-1 RNA from 306 patients on antiretroviral therapy with virological failure was analyzed, most of them (60%) exposed to three or more regimens, and 28% of them have started therapy before 1997. The most common regimens in use at the time of genotype testing were AZT/3TC/nelfinavir, 3TC/D4T/nelfinavir and AZT/3TC/efavirenz.

The human linear vestibulo-ocular reflex to transient accelerations: visual modulation of suppression and enhancement.

Visual modulation of the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) was investigated in 4 normal subjects exposed to translational interaural transient accelerations of 0.08 g and 0.17 g.

Effect of visual surrounding motion on body sway in a three-dimensional environment.

Unidirectional motion of a uniplanar background induces a codirectional postural sway. It has been shown recently that fixation of a stationary foreground object induces a sway response in the opposite direction (Bronstein & Buckwell, 1997) when the background moves transiently. The present study investigated factors determining this contradirectional postural response.

A vestibular phenotype for Waardenburg syndrome?

Objective: To investigate vestibular abnormalities in subjects with Waardenburg syndrome.

Study Design: Retrospective record review.

Setting: Tertiary referral neurotology clinic.

Horizontal otolith-ocular responses in humans after unilateral vestibular deafferentation.

We studied horizontal eye movements evoked by lateral whole body translation in nine patients who underwent vestibular nerve section. Preoperatively, all had preserved caloric function on both sides. Testing was performed before, 1 week and 6-10 weeks after surgery.

Horizontal otolith-ocular responses to lateral translation in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is assumed to result from utricular damage, but it is controversial if patients have manifest utricular dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated linear vestibulo-ocular reflexes (LVORs) during lateral whole-body translation in 14 patients with unilateral BPPV. Patients were subjected to linear acceleration steps of 0.

Effect of otolith dysfunction. Impairment of visual acuity during linear head motion in labyrinthine defective subjects.

Visual symptoms emerging after the loss of vestibular function are usually attributed to the dysfunction of semicircular canal vestibulo-ocular reflexes, as they have been shown to stabilize vision during angular head movements. However, natural head displacements involve both angular and linear motion, and therefore visual instability may occur because of defective otolith-ocular reflexes (OORs) which are the eye movements evoked by linear head acceleration. In this paper, the relationship between OORs and visual acuity during linear head motion was studied in normal subjects and 14 patients with bilateral loss of caloric responses.

Eye movements induced by lateral acceleration steps. Effect of visual context and acceleration levels.

Eye movement responses were obtained from six normal subjects exposed to randomly ordered rightwards/leftwards linear acceleration steps of 0.05 g, 0.1 g or 0.