Gender bias in acute myocardial infarction care in India: Nationwide retrospective study of 41832 patients.

Background: Various studies have documented gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in developed countries. Gender differences in the management of AMI in India is not known.

Objectives: To document the gender differences in the management and outcomes of AMI in India.

One-year outcomes of rate versus rhythm control of atrial fibrillation in the Kerala-AF Registry.

Background: There is ongoing debate around rate versus rhythm control strategies for managing atrial fibrillation (AF), however, much of the data comes from Western cohorts. Kerala-AF represents the largest prospective AF cohort study from the Indian subcontinent.

Objectives: To compare 12-month outcomes between rate and rhythm control strategies.

Prevalence of Brugada electrocardiographic pattern in adult population - A community-based study from Kerala, South India.

There is no data for Brugada electrocardiographic pattern (BrEP) from India. In a cross-sectional study of men and women between the ages 20-79 years, electrocardiograms were analyzed following the 2002 consensus. The overall prevalence of BrEP was 1.

CSI clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia management: Executive summary.

Dyslipidemias are the most important coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor. Proper management of dyslipidemia is crucial to control the epidemic of premature CAD in India. Cardiological Society of India strived to develop consensus-based guidelines for better lipid management for CAD prevention and treatment.

Management of triglycerides, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Dyslipidaemia characterised by elevated total cholesterol/LDL-C, triglyceride or both or decreased HDL-C is an important risk factor for the development of ASCVD. Atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterised by high TG, low HDL-C and elevated small dense LDL (sdLDL) is more prevalent in Asian Indians. Normal level of TG is generally considered as <150 mg/dl.

Impact of COVID-19 on heart failure hospitalization and outcome in India - A cardiological society of India study (CSI-HF in COVID 19 times study - "The COVID C-HF study").

Objectives: The presentation and outcomes of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) during COVID times (June 2020 to Dec 2020) were compared with the historical control during the same period in 2019.

Methods: Data of 4806 consecutive patients of acute HF admitted in 22 centres in the country were collected during this period. The admission patterns, aetiology, outcomes, prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and interventions were analysed in this retrospective study.

COVID-19 infected ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in India (COSTA INDIA).

Objective: To find out differences in the presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 infected STEMI patients compared to age and sex-matched non-infected STEMI patients treated during the same period.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre observational registry in which we collected data of COVID-19 positive STEMI patients from selected tertiary care hospitals across India. For every COVID-19 positive STEMI patient, two age and sex-matched COVID-19 negative STEMI patients were enrolled as control.

Pharmacogenetic variants influence vitamin K anticoagulant dosing in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are class I oral anticoagulants that are widely prescribed following surgical heart valve implantation. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative effects of and genotypes in predicting VKA dosing. A total of 506 South Indian patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves who were prescribed oral VKAs, such as warfarin or acenocoumarol, were genotyped.

Machine learning based model for risk prediction after ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from the North India ST elevation myocardial infarction (NORIN-STEMI) registry.

Background: Risk prediction following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in resource limited countries is critical to identify patients at an increased risk of mortality who might benefit from intensive management.

Methods: North India ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NORIN-STEMI) is an ongoing registry that has prospectively enrolled 3,635 STEMI patients. Of these, 3191 patients with first STEMI were included.

A community-based study on electrocardiographic abnormalities of adult population from South India - Findings from a cross sectional survey.

Background: There are no data on electrocardiographic (ECG) findings from general population of Indian subcontinent. We analyzed ECG abnormalities of in adults as part of a community survey of prevalence of coronary artery disease and risk factors from South India.

Methods And Results: In this cross-sectional study of men and women between the ages 20 to 79 years, ECGs recorded digitally were analyzed using the Minnesota code.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Young Adults (20-39 Years) in Kerala, South India.

Objective: We sought to study the prevalence of hypertension and the levels of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the young adults in Kerala, India compared to older adults.

Methods: We identified 1,221 young adults (men 36.7%) in the age group 20-39 years from the 5,150 participants of the Cardiological Society of India Kerala Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its Risk factors Prevalence (CSI Kerala CRP) Study.

Clinical characteristics and 30-day outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: Results from Indian College of Cardiology National Heart Failure Registry (ICCNHFR).

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a challenging medical emergency with high mortality and its prevalence is increasing in India. There is paucity of data on ADHF in the country.

Methods: Indian College of Cardiology National Heart Failure Registry (ICCNHFR) is an on-going observational registry on ADHF contributed by 22 hospitals across India; and we present the in-hospital and 30-day outcomes of ADHF patients enrolled from August 2018 to July 2019.

The traditional and modifiable risk factors of coronary artery disease - a community-based cross-sectional study among 2 populations.

A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken by the Cardiology Society of India (Kerala Chapter) to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors. The periodontal health status of the rural and urban participants in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala was evaluated to document any association between periodontal disease (PD) and CAD and to describe any shared risk factors.The participants were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method.

Changing pattern of admissions for acute myocardial infarction in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: Studies on the changes in the presentation and management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic from low- and middle-income countries are limited. We sought to determine the changes in the number of admissions, management practices, and outcomes of AMI during the pandemic period in India.

Methods & Results: In this two-timepoint cross-sectional study involving 187 hospitals across India, patients admitted with AMI between 15th March to 15th June in 2020 were compared with those admitted during the corresponding period of 2019.

One-year clinical outcome of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Insights from KERALA-AF registry.

Background: We report patient characteristics, treatment pattern and one-year clinical outcome of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) from Kerala, India. This cohort forms part of Kerala Atrial Fibrillation (KERALA-AF) registry which is an ongoing large prospective study.

Methods: KERALA-AF registry collected data of adults with previously or newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) during April 2016 to April 2017.

Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines on the prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults: Results from a cross-sectional survey.

Background: The impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for diagnosis and management of hypertension on the prevalence of hypertension in India is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Cardiac Prevent 2015 survey to estimate the change in the prevalence of hypertension. The JNC8 guidelines defined hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 ​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 ​mmHg.

Pattern of acute MI admissions in India during COVID-19 era: A Cardiological Society of India study - Rationale and design.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected around 20million patients worldwide and 2.0 million cases from India. The lockdown was employed to delay the pandemic.

Family history of cardiovascular disease and risk of premature coronary heart disease: A matched case-control study.

Self-reported family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an independent risk factor for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, inclusion of family history of CVD in the traditional risk scores failed to improve risk prediction of CHD. It is proposed that family history of CVD may substantially increase the risk of CHD among younger individuals.

Prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults: Results from the great India blood pressure survey.

Objective: Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is limited data on hypertension prevalence in India. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults.

Kerala Atrial Fibrillation Registry: a prospective observational study on clinical characteristics, treatment pattern and outcome of atrial fibrillation in Kerala, India, cohort profile.

Purpose: Limited published data exist on the clinical epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) in South Asia including India. Most of the published data are from the Western countries and the Far East. The Kerala AF registry was initiated to collect systematic, prospective data on clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment pattern and outcomes of consecutive AF patients who consulted cardiologists across the state of Kerala, India.

Prevalence of peripheral artery disease and risk factors in the elderly: A community based cross-sectional study from northern Kerala, India.

Background And Objective: There are no data on the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and risk factors in Indians. This study was aimed at studying the prevalence of PAD and risk factors in elderly population of northern parts of Kerala, South India.

Methods: In a prospective observational survey we evaluated men and women of age between 60 and 79 years from Kerala.