Mechanistic Cooperation of the Two Pore-Forming Transmembrane Motifs Regulates the β-Barrel Pore Formation by Listeriolysin O.

Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a potent membrane-damaging pore-forming toxin (PFT) secreted by the bacterial pathogen . LLO belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), which specifically target cholesterol-containing cell membranes to form oligomeric pores and induce membrane damage. CDCs, including LLO, harbor designated pore-forming motifs.

Exploring Injury Profiles in Non-elite Cricketers: Harnessing Online Surveys for Effective Assessment.

Background: An increase in the on-field intensity in modern cricket, results in an increased number of player injuries. Integration and easy access to professional physiotherapy, technology, rehab protocols, and mental/physical conditioning aid in early return to sports in the injured; however, at the grassroots, these facilities may not be available with untrained support staff and limited funds. Injuries can go unnoticed and, therefore, there is a need for an easy process of identification and documentation of such injuries.

Combined Interaction of Cellular and Extracellular Components Causes Genetic Cascade Activation in Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Breast cancer (BC) consists of malignant cells as well as surrounding nonmalignant cells - fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mesenchymal stem cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). This surrounding stroma is referred to as the breast tumor microenvironment (BTME). The components of BTME interact with cancerous breast cells for the promotion of BC.

Genotypic variation in whole-plant transpiration efficiency in sorghum only partly aligns with variation in stomatal conductance.

Water scarcity can limit sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) production in dryland agriculture, but increased whole-plant transpiration efficiency (TEwp, biomass production per unit of water transpired) can enhance grain yield in such conditions. The objectives of this study were to quantify variation in TEwp for 27 sorghum genotypes and explore the linkages of this variation to responses of the underpinning leaf-level processes to environmental conditions.

Integrating modelling and phenotyping approaches to identify and screen complex traits: transpiration efficiency in cereals.

Following advances in genetics, genomics, and phenotyping, trait selection in breeding is limited by our ability to understand interactions within the plant and with the environment, and to identify traits of most relevance to the target population of environments. We propose an integrated approach that combines insights from crop modelling, physiology, genetics, and breeding to characterize traits valuable for yield gain in the target population of environments, develop relevant high-throughput phenotyping platforms, and identify genetic controls and their value in production environments. This paper uses transpiration efficiency (biomass produced per unit of water used) as an example of a complex trait of interest to illustrate how the approach can guide modelling, phenotyping, and selection in a breeding programme.

Tuberculosis presenting as multiple intramuscular nodules in a child: a case report.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a global health problem that mostly affects people in developing countries. Tuberculosis can occur in various organ systems and may present with diverse manifestations in the same system. Primary muscular tuberculosis is a very rare condition in both adults and children, and tuberculosis of various muscle groups presenting as intramuscular nodules is an even more uncommon presentation.