[Bone mineral density in vegetarians and vegans].

The number of vegetarians and vegans is increasing each year. In this regard, studies of the quality of diets that exclude slaughter foods, as well as their impact on human health, are becoming more and more relevant. The main of the study was to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) in Russian vegetarians and vegans, as well as in omnivores.

The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans.

There are so many literatures about vegetarians being less prone to chronic, noninfectious diseases, which are, however, the main cause of the decline in quality of life and mortality in developed countries.However, according to various scientific sources, vegetarian and especially vegan diets often contain less saturated fats, protein, calcium, vitamins D and B12, or long-chain ω-3 PUFAs. One of the most common pathology associated with a predominantly plant diet is osteopenia and osteoporosis.

[Efficiency estimation of diet therapy with protein component modification in patients with obesity and purine metabolism disorder].

The development of a personalized nutritional approach to diet therapy for patients with obesity and hyperuricemia, aimed at increasing the treatment effectiveness of these patients, is an urgent task. : to assess the impact of nutritional approach with a modification of the protein component on body composition and biochemical parameters in patients with obesity and purine metabolism disorder. .

[Characteristics of free fatty acid metabolism in pathogenesis of obesity: current view].

Obesity is a chronic disease that turns up one of the main healthcare problems in the majority of industrialized countries. In modern literature, free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism disturbances are thought to play one of the key roles in the pathogenesis of obesity. This review accumulates and summarizes basic facts on FFA normal metabolism and currently known concepts explaining the relation between FFA metabolism disturbances and pathogenesis of obesity and associated complications.

[Assessment of efficiency of the personalized therapy of patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus 2 types appointed on the basis of studying rs5219 polymorphism of KCNJ11 gene].

The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of personalized therapy forpatients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) and obesity based on the study of rs5219 polymorphism of KCNJ11gene. The study involved 120 women with DM and obesity I-II degree. Genotyping was performed in patients using allele-specific amplification with the detection in real time.

[Genomic, proteomic and metabolomic predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development in obese patients. Part I].

The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated to obesity require a qualitative increase of efficiency. There are still disputable questions about diagnostic significance of some molecules, including genomic, proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers. We observed 72 obese patients (20 men and 52 women, mean age--41.

[Current trends in nutrigenomics of obesity].

One of the most general chronic illness in the world is obesity, which lead to progression of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome and other diseases. Slow body weight gain, that leads to overweight, is a long-term aftereffect of a long-term positive energy balance, which occurs as a result of physical activity reduction and calorie intake increasing. Trend in the reduction of physical activity and increasing the caloric value of food intake is probably the main reason of increasing patients with obesity, but it's necessary to mention that this tendency occurs because of genetic variation in population.

[Comparative assessment of efficiency of the low-calorie diets modified by proteinaceous and vitamin cocktails].

The aim of the work is comparative assessment of efficiency of a hypocaloric diet with inclusion of proteinaceous and vitamin cocktails at obesity. 90 patients with obesity of the II–III degree at the age of 18–65 years by the principle of casual selection were divided into three groups. Control group (30 patients) received a standard low-calorie diet with an energy value of 1600 kcal/day.

[Genomic, proteomic and metabolomic predictors of atherosclerosis in obese patients. Part II].

Currently there is no extensive research of metabolic disorders in obese patients with atherosclerosis, including the study of genomic, biochemical, immune and other markers. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the genomic, proteomic and metabolic predictors of atherosclerosis in obese patients. We evaluated condition of the cardiovascular system of the 100 obese patients aged 18 to 66 years, which were divided in two groups of patients: Group 1 consisted of 50 obese patients without vascular pathology, 2nd group consisted of 50 patients with obesity, complicated by atherosclerosis.

[Soluble apoptosis markers in obese patients with food intolerance].

For the soluble apoptosis markers study 151 patients with obesity (92 women and 59 men) aged between 18 and 63 years were examined. Diagnosis and degree of obesity was based on the body mass index (38.2 +/- 5.

[Adipokines and the metabolism of key nutrients in patients with obesity].

Aim: To study the effect of adipokines on the metabolism of key nutrients in patients with obesity.

Subjects And Methods: Ninety patients aged 18 to 66 years old who were treated at the Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Nutrition, Research Institute of Nutrition, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, were examined. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms were assessed by turbidimetry and spectrophotometry.

[Polymorphisms Ser447Ter of lipoprotein-lipase gene, Cys112Arg and Arg158Cys of apolipoprotein E gene in patients with obesity].

The distribution of allele Ser447Ter of lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) and polymorphic markers E2 and E4 of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) were examined in 100 obese patients at the age of 18-66 years (28 men and 72 women, 40.6 +/- 2.1 years old).

[The mineral composition of the carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks, vitamin-mineral complexes and dietary supplements for athletes].

In the article analyzes the macro- and trace element composition of sports drinks, vitamin-mineral complexes and biologically active additives (BAA). The estimation of the mineral collection of these products compared with the recommended standards. Established mineral composition many of the carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions, vitamin-mineral complexes and biologically active additives corresponds the physiology standards.

[Status of nutrition and cell immunity in sportsmen-weightlifters].

The analysis of average daily nutrient intake, indexes of lipids metabolism parameters of cell immunity on 30 weightlifters and 14 individuals, who does not be engaged in sport, are carried out. Results of the present research show the imbalance in athletes diet with unfavourable ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates as 1:1,7:3--in women and 1:1,4:2,9--in men. Lipid storage disease include the rise of low-density lipoproteins level (in women-- 3,2 +/- 0,2; in men--3,4 +/- 0,2 (p < 0,05); in control group--2,2 +/- 0,3 mmol/l) and the fall--of high-density lipoproteins (in women--1,3 +/- 0,1; in men--0,9 +/- 0,1; p < 0,05); in control group--1,7 +/- 0,2 mmol/l).

[Medical-biological approach to development of feeding ration for sportswomen--members of Russia weight lifting team].

Physical status of 12 sportswomen - member of Russia weight lifting team during training period was analiysed. Anthropometric, bioimpedance methods with analyzer ABC-01 "Medass" in observation [body weight Index (index Ketle-2), waist circle/hip circle index] and body compositions were used (adipose, bone and muscle tissues masse). Data obtained when bioimpedance method was used indicated: normal body weight and relative adipose mass to body weight - in 92%, surplus - in 8% of cases; body weight Index and normal level of adipose mass - in 75%, surplus - in 25%; active cellular mass and bone mass and general body liquid were found to be normal.

[Body composition in patients with different degree of obesity before and after dietetic correction].

The study included 400 patients with I-III obesity degree. All patients were tested before and after hypocaloric diet with energy value of 1600 kcal/day within 2 weeks. The bioimpedance analysis was spent on device "Inbody 720".

[The clinical and immunological manifestations of food intolerance in obese patients].

The clinical and immunological manifestations of food intolerance in obese patients were studied. Food intolerance was diagnosed in 32.6 and 33.

[Food status peculiarities, anthropometric, clinica and biochemical indices at professional sportsmen].

Under steady state conditions in 66 athletes involved in weightlifting, bodybuilding, judo and taekwondo have studied features of the metabolic status. Data on matter-of-fact nutrition, body weight content within the inter-competition period, energy exchange, clinical and biochemical indices and physical acceptability indices were analyzed. As a result, the decrease indexes of metabolism at all the sportsmen and high-level caloric value at sportsmen who are engaged in weightlifting, which corresponds their energy expenditures, was revealed.

[Evaluation of dietary therapy efficiency, based on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with cardiovascular disease and osteopenia].

Aim of investigation was to analysis of dietary intake in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteopenia. We studied 13 patients with CDV and osteopenia and 117 control subjects with CDV. Analysis of dietary intake in all patients showed high level consumption of fat, excessive consumption of phosphorus and deficiency in consumption of vitamins A, B1, B2.

[Influence of bioactive dietary supplement--dietary unsaturated fats--on immune status of patients with myocardial ischemia and impaired glucose tolerance].

Immune status measured by the flow cytrometric analysis under the ischemic heart disease and IHD with impaired glucose tolerance has been found to be altered in B cells as well as in T lymphocytes in some cases. Having received the diet supplemented by PUFA "Eicolen", IHD patients present with the restored immune status. Patients with IHD and impaired glucose tolerance did not present with any significant modifications in immune status after PUFA "Eicolen" supplementation.

[The effect of an antiatherosclerotic diet including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine and plant origins on the indices of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with ischemic heart disease and a disordered carbohydrate tolerance].

The dynamic of natural antibodies against catecholamines and alpha-2-macroglobulin, thrombin, antithrombin III and parameters of cellular immunity in 92 patients with ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart disease complicated by impaired glucose tolerance was studied of influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with fish and vegetable PUFA omega-3 from "Eicolen". Besides favorable influence to a clinical picture of the disease universal normalizing influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with addition Eicolen on parameters of humoral a cellular immunity.

[Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable and animal origin on clinical and metabolic indicators and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in patients with ischemic heart disease and impaired carbohydrate tolerance].

Use fish and vegetable PUFA omega-3 from "Eicolen" in diet of patients with ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart disease complicated by impaired glucose tolerance resulted in positive dynamic of clinical manifestation, blood lipids and coagulograms of the patients, and did not influence significantly on lipid peroxidation.

[Evaluation of the effects of fish and vegetable omega-3 PUFA complex on the erythrocyte fatty acid composition in patients with ischemic heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance].

Anti-atherogenic diet supplemented with "Eicolen" (30% linseed oil, and 70% cod-liver oil, 9 grams per day) has been analyzed in 10 cases of ischemic heart disease, and in 11 cases of ischemic heart disease complicated by impaired glucose tolerance. The fish and vegetable PUFA omega-3 from "Eicolen" have been found to improve clinical condition as well as to modify erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition. The ratio omega-6/omega-3 decreased in both groups in different grade.