Women are known to have twice as much lifetime prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as men do. It has been reported that the risk genotype (CC) of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2267735) in the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-PAC1R) system is associated with PTSD risk and altered fear conditioning and fear extinction in women. Surprisingly, no previous work has studied the effect of this SNP on fear conditioning, extinction, or generalization in non-traumatized/low trauma load women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.
Method: This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori- defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured.
Background: Regional gray matter volume (GMV) differences between individuals with mental disorders and comparison participants may be confounded by co-occurring disorders. To disentangle disorder-specific GMV correlates, we conducted a large-scale multidisorder meta-analysis using a novel approach that explicitly models co-occurring disorders.
Methods: We systematically reviewed voxel-based morphometry studies indexed in PubMed and Scopus up to January 2023 that compared adults with major mental disorders (anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia spectrum, anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders plus attention-deficit/hyperactivity, autism spectrum, and borderline personality disorders) with comparison participants.
Objective: To establish the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for the detection of interstitial lung disease (ILD).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Consecutive patients with RA (American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 criteria) who had a chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) performed within 12 months before inclusion, regardless of symptomatology, were included.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), often adopting an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype, correlate with unfavorable cancer outcomes. Our investigation unveiled elevated expression of the butyrophilin (BTN)2A1 in M2-like TAMs across diverse cancer types. We developed anti-BTN2A1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and notably, one clone demonstrated a robust inhibitory effect on M2-like macrophage differentiation, inducing a shift toward an M1-like phenotype both in vitro and ex vivo in TAMs from patients with cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study evaluates the use of carbon-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles for biogas upgrading in wet systems. The nanoparticles were produced by hydrothermal carbonization, using olive mill waste (OMW) or microalgae as carbon sources. The solids were characterized to investigate the specific surface area, total and zero-valent iron content, pH and chemical and crystalline composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Health institutions provide general recommendations to cope with global crises such as pandemics or geopolitical tensions. However, these recommendations are mainly based on cross-sectional evidence. The preregistered Repeated Assessment of Behaviors and Symptoms in the Population (RABSYPO) study sought to establish prospective longitudinal evidence from a cohort with a demographic distribution similar to that of the Spanish population to provide evidence for developing solid universal recommendations to reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms during times of uncertainty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch on anxiety faces challenges due to the wide range of symptoms, making it difficult to determine if different aspects of anxiety are linked to distinct neurobiological processes. Both alterations in functional brain connectivity (FC) and monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems are implicated as potential neural bases of anxiety. We aimed to investigate whole-brain FC involving monoaminergic nuclei and its association with anxiety dimensions in 178 non-clinical participants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer offers the possibility to facilitate breast and axillary surgery; it is a test of chemosensibility in vivo with significant prognostic value and may be used to tailor adjuvant treatment according to the response. : A retrospective single-institution cohort of 482 stage II and III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on anthracycline and taxans, plus antiHEr2 in Her2-positive cases, was studied. Survival was calculated at 5 and 10 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis research delves into a detailed exploration of the thermal decomposition behavior of bio-based polymers, specifically thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polylactic acid (PLA), under varying heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. This study employs thermogravimetry (TG) to investigate, providing comprehensive insights into the thermal stability of these eco-friendly polymers. In particular, the TPS kinetic model is examined, encompassing the decomposition of three distinct fractions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt remains unexplored in the field of fear memory whether functional neuronal connectivity between two brain areas is necessary for one sex but not the other. Here, we show that chemogenetic silencing of centromedial (CeM)- fibers in the lateral posterior BNST (BNSTpl) decreased fear memory consolidation in male mice but not females. Optogenetic excitation of CeM- fibers in the BNSTpl exhibited enhanced inhibitory postsynaptic currents in males compared to females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is still unclear how the human brain consolidates aversive (e.g., traumatic) memories and whether this process can be disrupted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbon-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (CE-nFe) have been obtained from an industrial waste (oil mill wastewater-OMW, as a carbonaceous source), and using iron sulfate as metallic precursor. In an initial step, the hydrochar obtained has been thermally activated under an inert atmosphere at three different temperatures (600 °C, 800 °C and 1000 °C). The thermal treatment promotes the development of core-shell nanoparticles, with an inner core of α-Fe/FeO, surrounded by a well-defined graphite shell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFamily accommodation might play a crucial role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous systematic reviews on family accommodation in OCD have focused on specific populations or variables or are outdated. We conducted a preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis on family accommodation in adults, children, and adolescents with OCD (CRD42021264461).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe tourism industry, affected by COVID-19, must reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluated the environmental impact of three hotels in coastal and mountainous regions of Spain and Portugal using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Data was gathered via surveys in the Greentour tool.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality and hospital admissions. The aetiology remains unknown in 30-65% of the cases. Molecular tests are available for multiple pathogen detection and are under research to improve the causal diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrait anxiety is a well-established risk factor for anxiety and depressive disorders, yet its neural correlates are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated the neural correlates of trait anxiety in a large sample (n = 179) of individuals who completed the trait and state versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used independent component analysis to characterize individual resting-state networks (RSNs), and multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship between trait anxiety and intrinsic connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis mini-review is intended to explore the innovative applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in biogas upgrading, emphasizing their capacity to enhance biogas quality. Numerous studies underscore how NPs, when applied during anaerobic digestion, can boost not only the quantity but also the quality of the produced biogas, leading to reduce significantly the concentration of hydrogen sulphide or even to remove it completely. Moreover, NPs are proving to be excellent alternatives as adsorbent materials, achieving up to 400 mg g NPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew composite materials (suitable for automotive bumpers), composed of recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and leather buffing dust waste (BF) ranging from 20 to 50 wt%, were produced and investigated for mechanical properties. Optimal mechanical performance was achieved with composites containing 30 % wt BF. The environmental performance of automotive bumper production from both virgin and recycled HDPE reinforced with 30 % wt BF (HDPE-BF, rHDPE-BF) composites was compared to that of conventional polypropylene (PP) by performing a cradle to gate life cycle assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe tourism sector after COVID-19 has raised different concerns that have lead to a development towards a more sustainable model of tourism. After the health crisis, the increase in environmental awareness of tourists has become evident. In this context, the great paradigm of 'small-scale' tourism has been developed as opposed to traditional tourism.
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