Insights Into the Health of Postpartum Airmen From the U.S. Air Force Fitness Database.

Introduction: Physical fitness is an integral part of military readiness, and failure to meet military Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA) standards can severely damage or end careers. Postpartum active duty service members experience a drop in PFA scores and passing rates compared to their pre-pregnancy assessments. Each branch recently extended recovery time to 12 months, but more research is required to see if this change alone is enough to return both active duty and reserve component postpartum personnel to their own preconception PFA outcomes (scores, passing rates, and injury rates) and those of a control group of nullpartum female airmen.

Hyponatremia with an Osmolar Gap, Pseudohyponatremia or Hyper-Osmolar Hyponatremia?

Pseudohyponatremia is frequently misunderstood and often mistaken for other types of hyponatremia. In this study, we present a case of pseudohyponatremia resulting from hypertriglyceridemia. We provide an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, comparing them with those of other hyponatremic disorders, and outline the diagnostic approach used to identify this atypical form of hyponatremia.

Directed Evolution of Silicatein Reveals Biomineralization Synergism between Protein Sequences.

Biomineralization is a green synthesis route for a variety of metal nanoparticles. Silicatein is a biomineralization protein originally found in marine sponge that converts inorganic precursors to metal oxide nanoparticles. In this work, we investigate the popular catalytic triad hypothesis and implement directed evolution with the aim to improve the solubility and kinetics of silicatein to enable increased nanoparticle synthesis.

Neighborhood collective efficacy reduces child maltreatment through decreasing parenting stress: A longitudinal path model.

Background: Neighborhoods and families are crucial contexts for child maltreatment, yet research into mechanisms of neighborhood effects on child maltreatment remains limited.

Objective: This study examined longitudinal associations between neighborhood collective efficacy, maternal parenting stress, and child maltreatment.

Participants And Setting: The study drew data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS).

Analysis of Method Performance for Quantitative Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Queso Fresco Cheese.

A Proficiency Test (PT) was conducted for Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) laboratories for quantitative assessment of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) in queso fresco cheese. The Moffett Proficiency Test Laboratory: MPTL (organizer) prepared test samples for each participating laboratory with 10 CFU/g of L.

Organizational strategies of eldercare work and health - Is the daily number of residents cared for over 14 months associated with back pain?

Objectives: The growing care demands of an aging population and a smaller workforce is a big societal problem. Therefore, knowledge on how to organize eldercare work without hampering workers` health is needed. We aimed to investigate if workers` daily number of residents cared for over 14 months is associated with low-back pain in eldercare workers.

Fungal Osteomyelitis of a Diabetic Foot Infection Caused by Trichosporon asahii: A Case Report.

Diabetic foot bacterial osteomyelitis is a serious infection that can lead to major amputations. However, fungal osteomyelitis in a diabetic foot ulcer is uncommon and has been underrecognized. It typically occurs in patients with underlying immunocompromised status and is associated with poor outcomes.

Repurposing Licensed Drugs with Activity Against Epstein-Barr Virus for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Approach.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as a necessary factor in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may also be a driver of disease activity. Although it is not clear whether ongoing viral replication is the driver for MS pathology, MS researchers have considered the prospect of using drugs with potential efficacy against EBV in the treatment of MS. We have undertaken scientific and lived experience expert panel reviews to shortlist existing licensed therapies that could be used in later-stage clinical trials in MS.

Changes in Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Benign Breast Disease from 1967 to 2013.

Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) increases breast cancer (BC) risk progressively for women diagnosed with non-proliferative (NP) change, proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA), and atypical hyperplasia (AH). Leveraging data from 18,704 women in the Mayo BBD Cohort (1967-2013), we evaluated temporal trends in BBD diagnoses and how they have influenced associated BC risk over four decades.

Methods: BC risk trends associated with BBD were evaluated using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and age-period-cohort modeling across four eras-pre-mammogram (1967-1981), pre-core needle biopsy (CNB) (1982-1992), transition to CNB (1993-2001), and CNB era (2002-2013).

Reducing antibiotic duration for acute otitis media: clinician, administrator, and parental insights to inform implementation of system-level interventions.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to understand facilitators and barriers to implementation of interventions to improve guideline-concordant antibiotic duration prescribing for pediatric acute otitis media (AOM).

Design: Clinicians and clinic administrators participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews, and parents of children 2 years of age or older with a recent diagnosis of AOM participated in focus groups. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) guided the study.

The Nonsyndromic Ascending Thoracic Aorta in a Population-Based Setting: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Prospective data on the clinical course of the ascending thoracic aorta are lacking.

Objectives: This study sought to estimate growth rates of the ascending aorta and to evaluate occurrences of adverse aortic events (AAEs)-that is, thoracic aortic ruptures, type A aortic dissections, and thoracic aortic-related deaths.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study from the population-based, multicenter, randomized DANCAVAS (Danish Cardiovascular Screening trials) I and II, participants underwent cardiovascular risk assessments including electrocardiogram-gated, noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans.

Effect of School HPV Vaccination Requirements on Pediatricians' Recommendations.

: Pediatrician recommendations are highly influential in parents' decisions to vaccinate their children against HPV. Unqualified, presumptive, and bundled recommendations (UPBRs) are associated with increased HPV vaccine uptake and are considered best practice. This study analyzes pediatricians' self-reported data to assess changes in UPBR use and the psychosocial determinants of UPBR use as a result of the implementation of a multi-level intervention, the Adolescent Vaccination Program (AVP).

α-Synuclein Deletion Impairs Platelet Function: A Role for SNARE Complex Assembly.

Granule secretion is an essential platelet function that contributes not only to haemostasis but also to wound healing, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Granule secretion from platelets is facilitated, at least in part, by Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF) Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) complex-mediated granule fusion. Although α-synuclein is a protein known to modulate the assembly of the SNARE complex in other cells, its role in platelet function remains poorly understood.

Effects of Route Complexity and Lighting on Route Following in Alzheimer's Disease and Posterior Cortical Atrophy.

Objective: Visual processing deficits arising in dementia are associated with particular functional disability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the built environment on mobility and navigation in people with dementia-related visual loss.

Methods: Participants with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA; "visual-variant Alzheimer's"; n = 11), typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD; N = 10), and controls (n = 13) repeatedly walked down routes within a simplified real-world setting.

Galantamine-Memantine Combination in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Dementia.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 1% of population over age 60. It is defined by motor and nonmotor symptoms including a spectrum of cognitive impairments known as Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Currently, the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for PDD is rivastigmine, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain.

G-tube contrast check: Transition from fluoroscopy to abdominal radiographs.

Background: Reports of radiographic exam evaluation for G-tube malposition in children are limited.

Objective: Evaluate effectiveness of a new 2-view abdominal radiograph exam protocol instituted to provide 24/7 coverage at 2 affiliated hospitals and replace the prior fluoroscopic G-tube contrast check exam.

Materials And Methods: G-tube radiographic exams performed between December 2019 and May 2022 at 2 affiliated hospitals were identified and retrospective chart review was performed to delineate exam test yield, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity.

Randomized Spatial PCA (RASP): a computationally efficient method for dimensionality reduction of high-resolution spatial transcriptomics data.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) provides critical insights into the complex spatial organization of gene expression in tissues, enabling researchers to unravel the intricate relationship between cellular environments and biological function. Identifying spatial domains within tissues is essential for understanding tissue architecture and the mechanisms underlying various biological processes, including development and disease progression. Here, we present Randomized Spatial PCA (RASP), a novel spatially aware dimensionality reduction method for spatial transcriptomics (ST) data.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Neuraxial biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and myodural regulation: rethinking management of hypermobility and CNS disorders.

Individuals with joint hypermobility and the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) are disproportionately affected by neuraxial dysfunction and Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders: such as Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (SIH) due to spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, Upper Cervical Instability (UCI; including craniocervical or atlantoaxial instability (CCI/AAI)), Occult Tethered Cord Syndrome (TCS), Chiari Malformation (CM) and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). The neuraxis comprises the parts of the nervous system (brain, nerves, spinal cord) along the craniospinal axis of the body. Neuraxial tissue includes all tissue structures that comprise, support, sheath, and connect along the neuraxis and peripheral nerves.

Trends in Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors among Individuals with Syphilis in Colorado from 2011-2020.

Background: Identify opportunities to improve syphilis screening by describing changes in patient characteristics and risk factors among individuals with syphilis and by comparing cases with and without an indication for syphilis screening.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Colorado public health surveillance data to identify 8,326 syphilis diagnoses from 2011-2020. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and risk factors were compared across 2-year groups and between individuals with and without an indication for screening.

In-Cage Recombination Facilitates the Enantioselective Organocatalytic [1,2]-Rearrangement of Allylic Ammonium Ylides.

The [1,2]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides is traditionally observed as a competitive minor pathway alongside the thermally allowed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Concerted [1,2]-rearrangements are formally forbidden, with these processes believed to proceed through homolytic C-N bond fission of the ylide, followed by radical-radical recombination. The challenges associated with developing a catalytic enantioselective [1,2]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides therefore lie in biasing the reaction pathway to favor the [1,2]-reaction product, alongside controlling a stereoselective radical-radical recombination event.

Mapping the active ingredients and mechanisms of change of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention using mixed methods.

Limited research has examined the active ingredients and mechanisms of change of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs). The present study used an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design to develop a comprehensive Theory of Change of Project ImPACT, an empirically supported NDBI. We used qualitative data from interviews with intervention experts (n=10), community providers (n=22), and caregivers (n=12) to develop a comprehensive causal model of the intervention process.

A practical guide to the diagnosis and management of suspected Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) in the United Kingdom.

Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic disease characterised by progressive inflammatory lung damage due to infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Global prevalence of NTM-PD is generally low but is rising, likely due to a combination of increased surveillance, increasing multimorbidity and improved diagnostic techniques. Most disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium complex species.

Bone mineral density and the risk of kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To explore the association between bone disorder and the risk for progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study the association between bone mineral density (BMD), bone-derived factors (sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, and osteoprotegerin (OPG)), and four outcomes were investigated: 1) progression of albuminuria; 2) decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 %; 3) kidney failure (KF); and 4) a composite kidney outcome consisting of at least one of the outcomes.

Results: In 318 participants (median follow-up time 5.