Likelihood of fitness improvements during a standardised physical fitness programme in US Army trainees of different fitness levels.

Unlabelled: IntroductionUS Army Initial Entry Training (IET) aims to develop general fitness and conditioning among large groups of trainees. Despite group mean improvement in physical fitness during IET, some trainees experience substantial gains and others experience no improvement or even declines in fitness. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between trainee baseline fitness (Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), the primary fitness assessment at the time of data collection) or estimated baseline body fat (%BF) and the change in fitness by the end of IET.

Association between changes in serum bone metabolism markers and bone microarchitecture changes during basic combat training - The ARMI study.

Importance: U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) improves tibial volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and structure in most, but not all soldiers.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis suppression is common among women during US Army Basic Combat Training.

Objective: Less than half of servicewomen report loss of menses during initial military training. However, self-reported menstrual status may not accurately reflect hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis suppression and may underestimate reproductive health consequences of military training. Our aim was to characterise HPO axis function during US Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) in non-hormonal contraceptive-using women and explore potential contributors to HPO axis suppression.

Sex- and age-related differences in kinetics and tibial accelerations during military-relevant movement tasks in U.S. Army trainees.

Lower extremity injuries are prevalent in military trainees, especially in female and older trainees. Modifiable factors that lead to higher injury risk in these subgroups are not clear. The purpose of this study was to identify whether external loading variables during military-relevant tasks differ by age and sex in U.

One-Pot Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes via the Generation of Nitrile Imine Intermediates.

A one-pot procedure for the oxidative amidation of aldehydes via the generation of reactive nitrile imine (NI) intermediates has been developed. Distinct from our progenitor processes, mechanistic and control experiments revealed that the NI undergoes rapid oxidation to an acyl diazene species, which then facilitates -acylation of an amine. A range of substrates have been explored, including application in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

Urinary Proteomic Biomarkers of Trabecular Bone Volume Change during Army Basic Combat Training.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to optimize a dMS-based urinary proteomic technique and evaluate the relationship between urinary proteome content and adaptive changes in bone microarchitecture during BCT.

Methods: Urinary proteomes were analyzed with an optimized dMS technique in two groups of 13 recruits ( N = 26) at the beginning (Pre) and end (Post) of BCT. Matched by age (21 ± 4 yr), sex (16 W), and baseline tibial trabecular bone volume fractions (Tb.

Sex Does Not Affect Changes in Body Composition and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I During US Army Basic Combat Training.

Roberts, BM, Staab, JS, Caldwell, AR, Sczuroski, CE, Staab, JE, Lutz, LJ, Reynoso, M, Geddis, AV, Taylor, KM, Guerriere, KI, Walker, LA, Hughes, JM, and Foulis, SA. Sex does not affect changes in body composition and insulin-like growth factor-I during US Army basic combat training. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e304-e309, 2024-Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) has been implicated as a biomarker of health and body composition.

Frequency and features of malignant tumors clinically mimicking cutaneous cysts: A retrospective chart review.

Background: Many cutaneous lesions are clinically suspected as "cyst"; however, following histopathological examination, are found to be more significant lesions. Here, we examine the frequency and features of malignancies with cutaneous cysts in the clinical differential.

Methods: A retrospective study of surgical pathology specimens at the James A.

Relationships between tibial accelerations and ground reaction forces during walking with load carriage.

Peak tibial accelerations (TAs) during running are strongly related to early stance vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs), which are associated with musculoskeletal injury. However, few studies have examined these correlations during walking, and none have evaluated them during walking with loads, a relevant activity for military personnel. Our purpose was to determine the relationships between GRFs and TAs in US Army trainees (n = 649) walking with loads.

Estimation of 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion from patient variables: A novel approach to identify patients with low muscle mass and malnutrition and relationship to outcomes.

Background: Low muscle mass has been correlated with adverse outcomes in patients who are critically ill. Methods to identify low muscularity such as computed tomography scans or bioelectrical impedance analyses are impractical for admission screening. Urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) and creatinine height index (CHI) are associated with muscularity and outcomes but require a 24-h urine collection.

Maximizing Strength: The Stimuli and Mediators of Strength Gains and Their Application to Training and Rehabilitation.

Spiering, BA, Clark, BC, Schoenfeld, BJ, Foulis, SA, and Pasiakos, SM. Maximizing strength: the stimuli and mediators of strength gains and their application to training and rehabilitation. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 919-929, 2023-Traditional heavy resistance exercise (RE) training increases maximal strength, a valuable adaptation in many situations.

Load carriage aerobic exercise stimulates a transient rise in biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption.

Exercise can be both anabolic and catabolic for bone tissue. The temporal response of both bone formation and resorption following an acute bout of exercise is not well described. We assayed biochemical markers of bone and calcium metabolism for up to 3 days after military-relevant exercise.

Nightmare disorder and low back pain in veterans: cross-sectional association and effect over time.

Low back pain (LBP) disproportionately impacts US military veterans compared with nonveterans. Although the effect of psychological conditions on LBP is regularly studied, there is little published to date investigating nightmare disorder (NMD) and LBP. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate whether an association exists between NMD and LBP and (2) estimate the effect of NMD diagnosis on time to LBP.

Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks.

Cohen BS, Redmond JE, Haven CC, Foulis SA, Canino MC, Frykman PN, Sharp MA. Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 894-901, 2023-This study measured the impact of occupational experience (i.

LDL Reduction and Risk of Diabetes in Veteran Statin Users.

Background: While statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, there is controversy regarding a potentially causal link with incident diabetes mellitus (DM). This association may partially be due to confounding by indication; since prescription guidelines encourage statin use among those diagnosed with DM, this may encourage their prescription among those with elevated blood glucose in the absence of DM diagnosis.

Objective: The study examined the association between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction following initiation of statin use and new-onset DM among veterans.

Peroxidase Activity of Myoglobin Variants Reconstituted with Artificial Cofactors.

Myoglobin (Mb) can react with hydrogen peroxide (H O ) to form a highly active intermediate compound and catalyse oxidation reactions. To enhance this activity, known as pseudo-peroxidase activity, previous studies have focused on the modification of key amino acid residues of Mb or the heme cofactor. In this work, the Mb scaffold (apo-Mb) was systematically reconstituted with a set of cofactors based on six metal ions and two ligands.

Association Between Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal Injury in Male Army Rangers.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries and insufficient sleep are common among U.S. Army Rangers.

Revalidating U.S. Army soldiers' perceptions of combat arms job tasks: Frequencies, importance and expectations of performance.

Background: In 2013 the U.S. Army began developing physical tests to predict a recruit's ability to perform the critical physically demanding tasks (CPDTs) of combat arms jobs not previously open to women.

Going against the Norm: A Mixed Methods Analysis of College Students' Arguments against the College Drinking Culture.

College alcohol beliefs (e.g. "College is a time for experimentation with alcohol") are highly predictive of heavy drinking and its consequences.

Cervical Cancer Screening in South Florida Veteran Population, 2014 to 2020: Cytology and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Correlation and Epidemiology.

Objective This project aims to use our robust women's health patient data to analyze the correlation between cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) testing, study the performance of Hr-HPV testing for detecting cytology lesions, and examine epidemiologic measures of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the women's veteran population. Methods We collected patient data from 2014 to 2020 from our computerized patient record system. We performed HPV assays using the cobas® 4800 system (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland).

US Army basic combat training alters the relationship between body mass index and per cent body fat.

Introduction/background: As a proxy for adiposity, body mass index (BMI) provides a practical public health metric to counter obesity-related disease trends. On an individual basis, BMI cannot distinguish fat and lean components of body composition. Further, the relationship between BMI and body composition may be altered in response to physical training.