The phenomenon of sensory processing: historical overview, theoretical models, and neurophysiological underpinnings.

The article provides a review of the sensory processing (SP) phenomenon, its origins, theoretical models, and neurophysiological foundations. Initiated by A. Jean Ayres' research on sensory integration in the 1960s and 70s, this field has evolved, leading to the development of concepts such as Winnie Dunn's four quadrant model and Miller's ecological model of sensory modulation.

Polish adaptation and validation of the standard 27-item Highly Sensitive Person Scale.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to create a Polish adaptation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), assess its psychometric properties and conduct factor analysis in a group of adults.

Methods: Five hundred two students of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, aged 19-40 were studied, assessed by the 27-item HSPS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and NEO-FFI Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in two subgroups (N = 250 and N = 252, respectively).

Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Geriatric Depression: The Role of Personalized Medicine and Age-Appropriate Therapeutic Approaches.

The global aging population has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, leading to an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, among older adults. Depression in the geriatric population is often compounded by chronic physical conditions and various psychosocial factors, significantly impacting their quality of life. The main question raised in this review is as follows: how can personalized medicine and age-appropriate therapeutic approaches improve the management of geriatric depression? This paper explores the epidemiology of geriatric depression, highlighting the influence of gender, race, and socioeconomic status on its prevalence.

The evolutionary and neurobiological attributes of consciousness: an update.

Consciousness is most frequently defined as a subjective experience of mental processes. The phenomenon of consciousness has always been a subject of great interest in various fields of science, including psychiatry, and the most prominent scientists have engaged in research on it. The studies performed in recent years have brought about novel data on the evolutionary and neurobiological attributes of this phenomenon.

The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in HIV Patients-A Review.

: HIV is a severe and incurable disease that has a devastating impact worldwide. It affects the immune system and negatively affects the nervous system, leading to various cognitive and behavioral problems. Scientists are actively exploring different therapeutic approaches to combat these issues.

The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Binge Eating Disorder (BED)-Review and Insight into the Mechanisms of Action.

Introduction: Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder among those contributing to the development of obesity, and thus acts as a significant burden on the lives and health of patients. It is characterized by complex neurobiology, which includes changes in brain activity and neurotransmitter secretion. Existing treatments are moderately effective, and so the search for new therapies that are effective and safe is ongoing.

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness in the Treatment of Methamphetamine Addiction Symptoms: Does Neuroplasticity Play a Role?

Introduction: Methamphetamine is a highly stimulating psychoactive drug that causes life-threatening addictions and affects millions of people around the world. Its effects on the brain are complex and include disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems and neurotoxicity. There are several known treatment methods, but their effectiveness is moderate.

EEG in Down Syndrome-A Review and Insights into Potential Neural Mechanisms.

: Down syndrome (DS) stands out as one of the most prevalent genetic disorders, imposing a significant burden on both society and the healthcare system. Scientists are making efforts to understand the neural mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of this disorder. Among the valuable methods for studying these mechanisms is electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive technique that measures the brain's electrical activity, characterised by its excellent temporal resolution.

An integrated precision medicine approach in major depressive disorder: a study protocol to create a new algorithm for the prediction of treatment response.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disease worldwide with a huge socio-economic impact. Pharmacotherapy represents the most common option among the first-line treatment choice; however, only about one third of patients respond to the first trial and about 30% are classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). TRD is associated with specific clinical features and genetic/gene expression signatures.

Evolutionary aspects of bipolar affective illness.

Bipolar affective illness (bipolar disorder - BD), also known as manic-depressive illness, is characterized by periodic opposite states of mood, activity, and motivation (mania and depression) sometimes of extreme intensity. The development and maintenance of such states in evolution can betoken a possibility of their adaptive character, enabling adaptation to an unfavorable external situation (depression) and a mobilization to using resources when available (mania). In the article, the main focus is put on the evolutionary aspect of "bipolarity" and manic/hypomanic states.

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Depression in Parkinson's Disease-A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Depression is the most prevalent comorbid neuropsychiatric condition in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), and its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Current treatment methods are characterised by moderate effectiveness and possible side effects, prompting the search for new non-invasive and safe treatment methods.

Methods: This narrative review explores the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depression in PD, based on neuropsychological measures.

Investigation of serum BDNF levels in alcohol withdrawal syndrome with and without other medical co-morbidities.

Introduction: Consequences of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are associated with mental and somatic burdens that result in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), with 30% of AWS cases leading to life-threatening delirium tremens (DTs). So far, biomarkers for tracking abstinence syndrome that are useful in clinical practice have yet to be detected. Current research focuses on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) effects on neurogenesis, modulation of plasticity, and its role in the pathogenesis of AWS and DTs.

Multi-omics data integration methods and their applications in psychiatric disorders.

To study mental illness and health, in the past researchers have often broken down their complexity into individual subsystems (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, clinical data) and explored the components independently.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Neurotrophin Concentrations and Cognitive Control in Patients With a Depressive Episode.

Background: Cognitive deficits occur in most patients with affective disorders. The role of neurotrophic factors (e.g.

The influence of Nordic walking on the general functioning and cognitive performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: Most studies show that physical activity (PA) can inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research aimed to investigate the effect of 3-month moderate PA on the general functioning and cognitive abilities of AD patients.

Methods: The study included 32 patients with mild or moderate AD who scored 11-23 points in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Decreased leucocyte telomere length in male patients with chronic bipolar disorder: lack of effect of long-term lithium treatment.

Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) may be connected with accelerated aging, the marker of this can be shorter telomere length (TL). Some data suggest that lithium may exert a protective effect against telomere shortening. The study aimed to compare the TL between patients with BD and control subjects.

Evaluation of the frequency of RETN c.62G>A and RETN c.-180C>G polymorphisms in the resistin coding gene in girls with anorexia nervosa.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychosomatic syndrome, classified as an eating disorder. AN patients strive to lose weight below the normal limits defined for a specific age and height, achieving their goal even at the expense of extreme emaciation. AN has a multifactorial aetiology.

Evaluation of the frequency of ADIPOQ c.45 T>G and ADIPOQ c.276 G>T polymorphisms in adiponectin coding gene in girls with anorexia nervosa.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious chronic psychosomatic disorder, the essence of which are attempts by the sufferer to obtain a slim silhouette by deliberate weight loss (restrictive diet, strenuous physical exercise, provoking vomiting). The aetiology of this disorder is multifactorial. Genetic factors that influence the predisposition to AN have been sought.

Dysfunctions of the retina and other elements of the visual system in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is an illness with a large variety of symptoms, significant variability of the individual course, and still not fully explained etiology. It is suggested that genetic, infectious and immunological factors may be involved, and neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neurotransmitter hypotheses have been proposed. Detection of the measurable and reproducible biological indicators of the clinical picture and the course, referred to as biomarkers, may be essential to elucidate the etiopathogenic mechanism of the illness.

Psychiatric Symptoms as the First or Solitary Manifestation of Somatic Illnesses: Hyperammonaemia Type II.

Aim: We describe the difficulties encountered in making a diagnosis where a somatic condition manifests itself alongside psychiatric symptoms associated with possible psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: A case study is presented of a 15-year-old girl who was eventually diagnosed with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency (hyperammonaemia type II), following an initial diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, selective mutism, and anorexia nervosa.

Results: The OTC disease is not fully expressed in females and its prevalence is lower than in males.

Non-pharmacological treatments of inpatients with major depression - The case of Polish (Poznan) and German (Kiel) hospital.

Background And Purpose: Although the treatment of depression should be comprehensive, there is insufficient information about non-pharmacological interventions used during hospitalization. Hence, the aim was to compare non-pharmacological interventions used in psychiatry clinics in Kiel (Germany) and Poznan (Poland).

Methods And Materials: The retrospective study covered all patients hospitalized in 2016 (F32 or F33).