A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health.

Paratuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by subspecies (MAP). Typically, ruminant animals including cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep are infected with MAP. Animals get infected with MAP in a number of ways, such as by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, or by nursing from an infected mother who may have contaminated teats or directly shed the organism in milk or colostrum.

Bovine trichomoniasis: A hidden threat to reproductive efficiency.

Bovine trichomoniasis is a reproductive illness that affects cattle causing pyometra, early to mid-pregnancy miscarriages, and lower birth rates. is a flagellated protozoan which first discovered in France in 1888 and composts three phases during its lifecycle including trophozoite, cyst, and pseudocyst. In addition, several factors contributed to the prevalence of trichomoniasis and fall into three categories are management, cow, and bull-related factors.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome developments: An in-depth review of recent findings.

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) belonging to the Arteriviridae family is the cause of PRRS disease. After being discovered for the first time in the United States in 1987, this illness quickly expanded to Canada. The disease was initially discovered in late 1990 in Germany, from where it quickly spread throughout Europe.

Spread of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant in poultry and its risks to public health: A comprehensive review.

The livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) strains are prevalent in the poultry farming environment and are a common component of the bacterial microbiota on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy animals. The origin and spread of LA-MRSA are attributed to the use of antibiotics in animals, and close contact between people and different animal species increases the risk of animal exposure to humans. The epidemiology of LA-MRSA in poultry significantly changed when ST398 and ST9 were found in food-producing animals.

Classical swine fever: Unveiling the complexity through a multifaceted approach.

Classical swine fever (CSF), sometimes referred to as hog cholera, is a highly contagious, virally based, systemic illness that affects both domestic and wild pigs. The virus known as classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, specifically the genus Pestivirus. This disease is thought to be endemic in many Asian countries that produce pork as well as in several countries in Central and South America, the Caribbean, and elsewhere.

Opportunities for Eradication beyond Conventional Antibiotics.

() is a bacterium known to be associated with a significant risk of gastric cancer in addition to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and MALT lymphoma. Although only a small percentage of patients infected with develop gastric cancer, Gastric cancer causes more than 750,000 deaths worldwide, with 90% of cases being caused by The eradication of this bacterium rests on multiple drug regimens as guided by various consensus. However, the efficacy of empirical therapy is decreasing due to antimicrobial resistance.

Molecular Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation in .

Background: Biofilm formation in () helps bacteria survive antibiotic exposure and supports bacterial colonization and persistence in the stomach. Most of the published articles have focused on one aspect of the biofilm. Therefore, we conducted the current study to better understand the mechanism of biofilm formation, how the biofilm contributes to antibiotic resistance, and how the biofilm modifies the medication delivery mechanism.

An ancient ecospecies of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori disturbs the stomach lining during long-term colonization of its human host, with sequelae including ulcers and gastric cancer. Numerous H. pylori virulence factors have been identified, showing extensive geographic variation.

Campylobacteriosis: A rising threat in foodborne illnesses.

Campylobacteriosis is a foodborne illness that is contracted by eating contaminated food, particularly animal products like meat from diseased animals or corpses tainted with harmful germs. The epidemiology of campylobacteriosis varies significantly between low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Campylobacter has a complicated and poorly known survival strategy for getting past host barriers and causing sickness in humans.

Predictive factors of methotrexate monotherapy success in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a national referral center: a cohort study.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) remains the recommended first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, its response varies and is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to identify predictors of MTX monotherapy treatment success in an Indonesian cohort.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included newly diagnosed RA patients receiving MTX monotherapy.

Synergistic effects of novel penicillin-binding protein 1A amino acid substitutions contribute to high-level amoxicillin resistance of .

The growing resistance to amoxicillin (AMX)-one of the main antibiotics used in eradication therapy-is an increasing health concern. Several mutations of penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP1A) are suspected of causing AMX resistance; however, only a limited set of these mutations have been experimentally explored. This study aimed to investigate four PBP1A mutations (i.

Green Synthesis of Ceria Nanoparticles from Cassava Tubers for Electrochemical Aptasensor Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode.

Green synthesis approaches for making nanosized ceria using starch from cassava as template molecules to control the particle size are reported. The results of the green synthesis of ceria with an optimum calcination temperature of 800 °C shows a size distribution of each particle of less than 30 nm with an average size of 9.68 nm, while the ratio of Ce to Ce was 25.

Antibacterial and sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity of graphene oxide conjugated CeO nanoparticles.

This work focuses on the structural, morphological, optical, photocatalytic, antibacterial properties of pure CeO nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) based CeO nanocomposites (GO-1/CeO, GO-5/CeO, GO-10/CeO, GO-15/CeO), synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion and subsequent sonication method, respectively. The single-phase cubic structure of CeO NPs was confirmed by Rietveld refined XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The average crystallite size was calculated using Debye Scherrer formula and found to increase from 20 to 25 nm for CeO to GO-15/CeO samples, respectively.

Exogenous riboflavin (vitamin B2) application enhances salinity tolerance through the activation of its biosynthesis in rice seedlings under salinity stress.

Salinity stress triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to impaired plant growth. Riboflavin (RIB; vitamin B2) is synthesized by plants, fungi, and microorganisms and is a precursor of the coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which are important for cellular metabolism. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanistic basis of the RIB-mediated alleviation of salinity stress in rice.

Investigations on the risk factors of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) among under-five children in Depok City, Indonesia.

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections are caused by pathogens that spread rapidly. Acute Respiratory Infections include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. According to the World Health Organization (2019), Acute Respiratory Infections rank fourth among diseases that affect children with high morbidity.

Breakfast Consumption and Quality of Macro- and Micronutrient Intake in Indonesia: A Study from the Indonesian Food Barometer.

Breakfast is an important meal that has been shown to have a positive effect on health. The current study aimed to assess the patterns of breakfast consumption among adult Indonesians and to estimate the contribution of breakfast to their nutrient intake and dietary quality. The study used 24-h recall data from the 2018 Indonesian Food Barometer study to assess breakfast intake among 1333 adults aged 18 and above from six provinces in Indonesia.

A facile-treated sago bark () as a biosorbent for Cd(II) ions removal in aqueous solution by using the batch method.

The performance of sago bark for Cd(II) ions removal in the aqueous solution has been investigated using the batch method. The sago bark was facile-treated using HNO 0.01 M and its ability on Cd(II) removal was evaluated under specific parameters such as pH, contact time, agitation speed, temperature, initial concentration, and adsorbent mass.

Global Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Study of : Comparison of Detection Tools, ARG and Efflux Pump Gene Analysis, Worldwide Epidemiological Distribution, and Information Related to the Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotype.

We conducted a global-scale study to identify antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARG), address their global distribution, and understand their effect on the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes of the clinical isolates. We identified ARG using several well-known tools against extensive bacterial ARG databases, then analyzed their correlation with clinical antibiogram data from dozens of patients across countries. This revealed that combining multiple tools and databases, followed by manual selection of ARG from the annotation results, produces more conclusive results than using a single tool or database alone.

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer development.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various human genes are key factors in carcinogenesis. However, whether SNPs in bacterial pathogens are similarly crucial in cancer development is unknown. Here, we analyzed 1,043 genomes of the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori and pinpointed a SNP in the serine protease HtrA (position serine/leucine 171) that significantly correlates with gastric cancer.

Advantages of Whole Genome Sequencing in Mitigating the Antimicrobial Resistance Problem.

antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health issue. Typically, antimicrobial resistance epidemiology reports include only the antimicrobial susceptibility test results for . However, this phenotypic approach is less capable of answering queries related to resistance mechanisms and specific mutations found in particular global regions.