French AFU Cancer Committee Guidelines - Update 2024-2026: Prostate cancer - Management of metastatic disease and castration resistance.

Purpose Of This Document: The Oncology Committee of the French Urology Association is proposing updated recommendations for the management of recurrent and/or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 2022 to 2024 was conducted by the CCAFU on the therapeutic management of recurrent PCa following local or metastatic treatment, assessing the references based on their level of evidence.

Results: Molecular imaging is the standard approach for assessing recurrence after local treatment and should not delay early salvage treatment.

Anatomic Factors Associated with Complications After Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: The role of anatomical factors in predicting outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) remains unclear. This review aims to evaluate the impact of various anatomical factors on the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing RP for localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through January 2024 using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases.

Semisynthetic Studies Establish a Role for Conjugate Halide Exchange in the Formation of Chlorinated Pyrroloiminoquinones and Related Alkaloids.

Two novel pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, 6-chlorodamirone A and 6-bromodamirone A, have been identified for the first time from the marine sponge sp. (order: Poecilosclerida: family Latrunculiidae), sourced from Western Australia. Alongside these new compounds, seven previously known metabolites were also isolated.

Understanding natural isotopic variations in cultured cancer cells.

Rationale: Natural variations in the abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen (δN) and carbon (δC) offer valuable insights into metabolic fluxes. In the wake of strong interest in cancer metabolism, recent research has revealed δN and δC variations in cancerous compared to non-cancerous tissues and cell lines. However, our understanding of natural isotopic variations in cultured mammalian cells, particularly in relation to metabolism, remains limited.

PARP inhibitors in prostate cancers, is it time for combinations?

Despite several improvements in outcomes, metastatic prostate cancer remains deadly. Alterations in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway are associated with more aggressive disease. Olaparib and rucaparib, two poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, have received approval from the authorities of several countries for their anti-tumoral effects in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers harboring HRR gene alterations, in particular .

Circulating Biomarkers Predictive of Treatment Response in Patients with Hormone-sensitive or Castration-resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) harbors genomic alterations that may predict targeted therapy efficacy. These alterations can be identified not only in tissue but also directly in biologic fluids (ie, liquid biopsies), mainly blood. Liquid biopsies may represent a safer and less invasive alternative for monitoring patients treated for mPCa.

PD-L1 expression and its prognostic value in metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma: Results from a GETUG multicenter retrospective cohort.

Introduction: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a rare and aggressive cancer with no specifically established therapeutic strategy in the metastatic setting. Combinations of tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a promising option. We aimed to study the immune landscape of metastatic pRCC, and its interactions with angiogenesis pathways, to search for potential therapeutic targets.

Tumour-based Mutational Profiles Predict Visceral Metastasis Outcome and Early Death in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: Visceral metastases are known to occur in advanced prostate cancer, usually when the tumour is resistant to androgen deprivation and, have worse outcomes regardless of therapies.

Objective: To analyse genomic alterations in tumour samples according to their lymphatic, bone, and visceral metastatic stages and overall survival.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We selected 200 patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

hRpn13 shapes the proteome and transcriptome through epigenetic factors HDAC8, PADI4, and transcription factor NF-κB p50.

The anti-cancer target hRpn13 is a proteasome substrate receptor. However, hRpn13-targeting molecules do not impair its interaction with proteasomes or ubiquitin, suggesting other critical cellular activities. We find that hRpn13 depletion causes correlated proteomic and transcriptomic changes, with pronounced effects in myeloma cells for cytoskeletal and immune response proteins and bone-marrow-specific arginine deiminase PADI4.

Variable effects of periprostatic adipose tissue on prostate cancer cells: Role of adipose tissue lipid composition and cancer cells related factors.

Background: Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) is likely to modulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression. We analyzed the variations in the effect of PPAT on cancer cells, according to its fatty acid (FA) composition and tumor characteristics.

Methods: The expression of markers of aggressiveness Ki67 and Zeb1, and epigenetic marks that could be modified during PCa progression, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue-micro-array containing 59 pT3 PCa, including intra-prostatic areas and extra-prostatic foci in contact with PPAT belonging to the same tumor.

Comprehensive analyses of immune tumor microenvironment in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC, and associated with poor outcomes in the metastatic setting. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the immune tumor microenvironment (TME), largely unknown, of patients with metastatic pRCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods: We performed quantitative gene expression analysis of TME using Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) methodology, on two independent cohorts of localized pRCC (n=271 and n=98).

[Early detection of prostate cancer: Towards a new paradigm?].

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a public health issue. The diagnostic strategy for PCa is well codified and assessed by digital rectal examination, PSA testing and multiparametric MRI, which may or may not lead to prostate biopsies. The formal benefit of organized PCa screening, studied more than 10 years ago at an international scale and for all incomers, is not demonstrated.

Pivotal role of the ORAI3-STIM2 complex in the control of mitotic death and prostate cancer cell cycle progression.

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents one of the most frequent diagnosed cancer in males worldwide. Due to routine screening tests and the efficiency of available treatments, PCa-related deaths have significantly decreased over the past decades. However, PCa remains a critical threat if detected at a late stage in which, cancer cells would have already detached from the primary tumor to spread and invade other parts of the body.

Open IPOMs for medium/large incisional ventral hernia repairs in the French Hernia Registry: factors associated with their use and mesh-related outcomes.

Purpose: The use of open intra-peritoneal onlay mesh repairs (O-IPOMs) for treating medium/large incisional ventral hernias has come into question due to the development of minimally invasive and sublay procedures. This study aimed to identify factors that are associated with the use of O-IPOMs in France.

Methods: We analysed prospectively collected data from the French Hernia Registry on incisional ventral hernia repairs (IVHR) for hernias ≥ 4 cm in width.

Endemic statistical paradoxes in epidemiologic studies distort knowledge on prostate cancer: mitigation and caution of fallacies in prostate cancer causal epidemiological studies.

Purpose Of Review: Many studies on epidemiology of prostate cancer (PCa) are based on a diagnosis of PCa using PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level. However, biases can distort the interpretation of the results, which in turn limits policy and decision making on public health prevention strategies or clinical guidelines. The main confusion is to interpret the posterior probability of the outcome following the exposure as a change in the prevalence of the disease outcome, whereas this change reflects only the predictive values of the PSA test induced by the exposure of interest.

Data infrastructures for AI in medical imaging: a report on the experiences of five EU projects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of medical imaging and has the potential to bring medicine from the era of 'sick-care' to the era of healthcare and prevention. The development of AI requires access to large, complete, and harmonized real-world datasets, representative of the population, and disease diversity. However, to date, efforts are fragmented, based on single-institution, size-limited, and annotation-limited datasets.

On the benefits of self-taught learning for brain decoding.

Context: We study the benefits of using a large public neuroimaging database composed of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) statistic maps, in a self-taught learning framework, for improving brain decoding on new tasks. First, we leverage the NeuroVault database to train, on a selection of relevant statistic maps, a convolutional autoencoder to reconstruct these maps. Then, we use this trained encoder to initialize a supervised convolutional neural network to classify tasks or cognitive processes of unseen statistic maps from large collections of the NeuroVault database.

Association Between 5α-Reductase Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Recently, several large, high-quality analyses have shown opposing results regarding the association between 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) use and prostate cancer (PCa) mortality.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding 5-ARI use and PCa mortality.

Data Sources: A literature search began in and was conducted through August 2022 using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases.

Dendrillic Acids A and B: Nitrogenous, Rearranged Spongian Nor-Diterpenes from a sp. Marine Sponge.

Two nitrogenous rearranged spongian nor-diterpenoids, dendrillic acids A and B, were isolated from a marine sponge sp. (order: Dendroceratida; family: Darwinellidae). The structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as well as density functional theory prediction of NMR chemical shifts and application of the DP4+ algorithm.