Fisetin Inhibits UVA-Induced Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 through the NOX/ROS/MAPK Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.

Fisetin is a flavonoid found in plants and has been reported to be effective in various human diseases. However, the effective mechanisms of ultraviolet-A (UVA)-mediated skin damage are not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the protective mechanisms of fisetin regarding UVA-induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) damages.

CDDO, a PPAR-γ ligand, inhibits TPA-induced cell migration and invasion through a PPAR-γ-independent mechanism.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) acts as a key factor in breast cancer metastasis. Notably, PPAR-γ can inhibit metalloproteinase (MMP), which is involved in cancer metastasis. Our previous study revealed that PPAR-γ was related to breast cancer metastasis.

Aurora kinase A induces migration and invasion by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells.

Aurora kinase is a family of serine/threonine kinases intimately associated with mitotic progression and the development of human cancers. Studies have shown that aurora kinases are important for the protein kinase C (PKC)-induced invasion of colon cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that aurora kinase A promotes distant metastasis by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colon cancer cells.

Pharmacology and adverse effects of new psychoactive substances: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.

Over the last decade, new psychoactive substances (NPS) have continuously been the focus of the international society since their emergence on the illicit drug market. NPS can be classified into six groups including; synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), stimulants, opioids, dissociatives, sedatives/hypnotics, and classic hallucinogens with psychoactive effects. These are sold as "herbal incense," "bath salts," "legal highs," and "research chemicals".

Roles of JNK/Nrf2 Pathway on Hemin-Induced Heme Oxygenase-1 Activation in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is highly induced in various human disease states, including cancer, indicating that HO-1 is an emerging target of cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated that the mechanisms of hemin-induced HO-1 expression and its signaling pathways in human breast cancer cell. We used MCF-7 cells, a human breast cancer cell line.

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Hemorrhage after Laryngospasm during the Postoperative Period.

Negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage (NPPH) is an uncommon complication of upper airway obstruction. Severe negative intrathoracic pressure after upper airway obstruction can increase pulmonary capillary mural pressure, which results in mechanical stress on the pulmonary capillaries, causing NPPH. We report a case of acute NPPH caused by laryngospasm in a 25-year-old man during the postoperative period.

The effect of thioctic acid on allodynia in a rat vincristine-induced neuropathy model.

Objective: To investigate the antiallodynic effects of thioctic acid in vincristine-induced neuropathy in rats.

Methods: Neuropathy was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via vincristine intraperitoneal injection. After 15 days, rats were investigated for the presence of mechanical and cold allodynia, and those with allodynia received intraperitoneal injection with normal saline or 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg thioctic acid.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase controls breast cancer invasion through the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9.

The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by cancer cells has been associated with the high potential of metastasis in several human carcinomas, including breast cancer. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) have functions that promote cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer. We analyzed whether PTP inhibitor might control breast cancer invasion through MMP expression.

Effects of saikosaponin A on cocaine self-administration in rats.

We have previously demonstrated that saikosaponin A (SSA) attenuated morphine self-administration behavior. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of SSA on cocaine-maintained responding using self-administration procedure. Rats self-administered cocaine (0.

Sulforaphane controls TPA-induced MMP-9 expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway, but not AP-1, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] is an isothiocyanate found in some cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli. Sulforaphane has been shown to display anti-cancer properties against various cancer cell lines. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays an important role in cancer cell invasion.

Suppression of TPA-induced tumor cell invasion by sulfuretin via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression.

Cell invasion is required for neoplastic metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix, is a major component in the process of cancer cell invasion. Sulfuretin is one of the major flavonoids isolated from Rhus verniciflua.

Cis-guggulsterone inhibits the IKK/NF-κB pathway, whereas trans-guggulsterone inhibits MAPK/AP-1 in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells: guggulsterone regulates MMP‑9 expression in an isomer-specific manner.

Νuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) are major transcription factors that have been associated with breast cancer metastasis by inducing matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of guggulsterone isomers (cis or trans) on 12-O-tetradecanoylpho-bol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 expression. Cis-guggulsterone inhibited TPA-induced MMP expression by blocking IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling, whereas trans-guggulsterone blocked mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/AP-1 signaling.

Effect of saikosaponin A on maintenance of intravenous morphine self-administration.

In this study, we investigated the effects of saikosaponin A (SSA), a major compound of Bupleurum falcatum L., on morphine self-administration behavior. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer intravenous morphine (0.

Dependence potential of propofol: behavioral pharmacology in rodents.

Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used to provide sedation or to induce and maintain an anesthetic stated. However, there are reports which indicate propofol may cause psychological dependence or be abused. In the present study, we used various behavioral tests including climbing test, jumping test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration test to assess the dependence potential and abuse liability of propofol compared to a positive control (methamphetamine) or a negative control (saline or intralipid).

Brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts.

Brazilin (7, 11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10 (6H)-tetrol), the major component of Caesalpinia sappan L., is a natural red pigment used for histological staining. Recent studies have shown that brazilin exhibits distinct biological effects, including anti-hepatotoxicity, antiplatelet activity, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Optochiasmatic cavernous angioma with rapid progression after biopsy despite radiation therapy.

We present a rare case of optochiasmatic cavernous angioma (CA) that progressed despite radiation therapy. A 31-year-old female patient presented with sudden loss of left visual acuity and right homonymous hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a suprasellar mass and findings compatible with a craniopharyngioma or an optic glioma with bleeding.

Estrogen receptor α induces down-regulation of PTEN through PI3-kinase activation in breast cancer cells.

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates most of the biological effects of estrogen in mammary epithelial cells and stimulates growth signals involving phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt in breast cancer cells. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a critical counter-regulator of PI3K signaling and is thus one of the major tumor suppressors in breast cancer. Inhibition of PI3K with an inhibitor, wortmannin, increased the level of PTEN protein in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells, while levels in ERα-negative MDA-MB 231 cells were not altered.

Resveratrol down-regulates interferon-γ-inducible inflammatory genes in macrophages: molecular mechanism via decreased STAT-1 activation.

Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is one of nonflavonoid polyphenolic phytoalexins found in various plant species, a number of which are components of human diet including grapes and red wines. Resveratrol has exerted several beneficial effects with anti-inflammation, cardioprotection and cancer chemoprevention. However, its mechanisms of action are not completely understood.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis misdiagnosed as acute subtentorial hematoma.

A case of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) misdiagnosed as an acute subdural hematoma is reported. A 37-year-old male patient presented with headache following head trauma 2 weeks earlier. Computerized tomography showed a diffuse high-density lesion along the left tentorium and falx cerebri.

Spinal epidural hematoma after epidural anesthesia in a patient receiving enoxaparin -A case report-.

Spinal epidural hematoma is a rare but serious neurological complication of neuraxial anesthesia. Enoxaparin sodium is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for use in preventing deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Hemorrhage is an uncommon but documented adverse reaction when using LMWH.

alpha-Viniferin suppresses the signal transducer and activation of transcription-1 (STAT-1)-inducible inflammatory genes in interferon-gamma-stimulated macrophages.

alpha-Viniferin, an oligostilbene of trimeric resveratrol, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory potential in carrageenin-induced paw edema or adjuvant-induced arthritis in animal models. However, little is known about the molecular basis. In this study, alpha-viniferin at 3 - 10 microM dose-dependently inhibited interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced Ser(727) phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activation of transcription-1 (STAT-1), a pivotal transcription factor controlling IFN-gamma-targeted genes, in RAW 264.

Gadd45beta is a novel mediator of cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischaemia/hypoxia.

Aims: Because apoptotic death plays a critical role in cardiomyocyte loss during ischaemic heart injury, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved is likely to have a substantial impact on the optimization and development of treatment strategies. The goal of this study was to assess gene profiling during ischaemia/hypoxia and to evaluate the functions of ischaemia/hypoxia-responsive genes in in vivo and in vitro ischaemia/hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis models.

Methods And Results: DNA microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed on hearts obtained from an in vivo rat transient ischaemia model and on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from an in vitro hypoxia model.