Recommendations for management of diabetes and its complications during Hajj (Muslim Pilgrimage) - 2024 update.

Hajj is an obligatory duty for all healthy adult Muslims once in the lifetime subjected to the ability. Considering the 10.5 % global prevalence of diabetes coupled with the numbers of Muslims performing the Hajj, ∼ 1.

Cardio-renal-metabolic disease in primary care setting.

In the primary care setting providers have more tools available than ever before to impact positively obesity, diabetes, and their complications, such as renal and cardiac diseases. It is important to recognise what is available for treatment taking into account diabetes heterogeneity. For those who develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM), effective treatments are available that for the first time have shown a benefit in reducing mortality and macrovascular complications, in addition to the well-established benefits of glucose control in reducing microvascular complications.

Optimizing Ramadan fasting: A randomised controlled trial for people with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan applying the principles of the ADA/EASD consensus.

Background: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting is not meant to create excessive hardship on the Muslim individual according to religious tenets. It is important that health professionals are aware of potential risks associated with fasting during the month of Ramadan (mainly hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia).

Sulfonylureas in the Current Practice of Type 2 Diabetes Management: Are They All the Same? Consensus from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries Advisory Board on Sulfonylureas.

Since their inception in the commercial market in the mid-twentieth century, sulfonylureas (SUs) have remained a therapeutic option in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite their established glucose-lowering effects, there is no consensus among global experts and modern guidelines regarding the priority of SUs in relation to other therapeutic options, given the lack of evidence that SUs are associated with a low risk of macrovascular events and excess mortality. However, findings from recent trials and real-time observations have resolved this contentious issue somewhat, albeit to varying degrees.

Trajectory Analysis of Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Dammam Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Saudi Arabia is reported to have the highest number of children and adolescents with T1DM. However, data concerning glycemic control during adolescence are lacking.

Objectives: To determine glycemic control at transition stage from pediatric to adult clinics, determine HBA1c patterns during follow-up, and identify any clinical or demographic variables that may predict a distinctive glycemic pattern.

Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2020, applying the principles of the ADA/EASD consensus.

Fasting the Holy month of Ramadan constitutes one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Although there is some evidence that intermittent fasting during Ramadan may be of benefit in losing weight and cardiometabolic risk factors, there is no strong evidence these benefits apply to people with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus recommendations emphasize the importance of patient factors and comorbidities when choosing diabetes medications including the presence of comorbidities, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypoglycemia risk, weight issues and costs.

Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries: an expert consensus summary statement from the GCC vitamin D advisory board.

Objective: A summary of recommendations is given within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) setting on the assessment and management of vitamin D deficiency in the region.

Methods: An assembly of 11 regional experts gathered to formulate an all-inclusive approach to vitamin D deficiency within GCC.

Results And Conclusion: Several gaps were identified before regional guidelines could be developed.

Attitude and safety of patients with diabetes observing the Ramadan fast.

Aims: To describe the attitude of type 2 diabetes patients toward Ramadan fasting. A Secondary purpose was to describe rates of hypoglycemia during Ramadan according to type of treatment.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomized study for 2 years.

Closing Gaps in Diabetes Care: From Evidence to Practice.

Background: Tracking progress in diabetes care may help in evaluating the quality of efforts and identifying gaps in the care.

Objectives: To demonstrate that tracking important clinical indicators of diabetes mellitus can result in improved care as well as help identify and close gaps between evidence and practice in diabetes care.

Subjects And Methods: The study is an observational, random audit of medical records of patients with diabetes who received care at the Diabetes Center, Dammam Medical Complex.

Diabetic hypoglycaemia during Ramadan fasting: A trans-national observational real-world study.

Objectives: To describe the risk of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan and determine its risk factors, and the impact of hypoglycaemia on patients' behaviour.

Methods: A cross-sectional multi-country observational study, with data captured within 6 weeks after Ramadan 2015. Patients' and disease characteristics and its management, the risk of hypoglycaemia and patients' response to hypoglycaemia were recorded.

Recommendations for management of diabetes and its complications during Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage).

Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam and is a must-do for all adult Muslims once in their life provided they are able to do it. Considering the 8.8% global prevalence of diabetes, coupled with the number of Muslims performing Hajj (~2.

Hepatitis C virus infection among patients with diabetes mellitus in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Data regarding comorbidities of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are lacking. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HCV among Saudi patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Dammam, KSA.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study done in 2011, a total of 1054 Saudi DM patients were randomly selected from the Diabetes Center in Dammam Medical Complex, KSA, for interview and HCV screening using the HCV Rapid Test.

Frequency and factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection among patients with diabetes, Dammam, KSA.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and diabetes mellitus (DM) are main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is an increasing evidence of association between HCV and type 2 DM. Comorbidity will cause devastating health and financial burdens.

Antithyroid drug induced a granulocytosis: what still we need to learn?

Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) induced agranulocytosis is a rare but life threatening condition. We report a 29 years Filipino female diagnosed as having hyperthyroidism with normal base line blood counts, liver and renal profile. She was started on maximum 60 mg (20mg TID) oral dose of carbimazole since one month by her treating physician.

Intensified glucose self-monitoring with education in Saudi DM patients.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of intensified SMBG with patient education on DM patients at the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. 60 poorly controlled adult type 1 and 2 DM patients (30 intervention; 30 control) were included in this 4-month case-control study. All patients were subjected to the same educational program at baseline.

Low rate of non-compliance to antituberculous therapy under the banner of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy and well organized retrieval system: a call for implementation of this strategy at all DOTS centers in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to show the effectiveness of revised retrieval system on non-compliance.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of a revised retrieval system on non-compliance during continuous phase of antituberculous treatment (Jan-2005 to Dec-2010) compared to baseline non-compliance (Jan-2002 to Dec-2004).

Results: In the baseline period, 141 of 501 (28%) patients did not attend their first appointment.

Impact of an individualized type 2 diabetes education program on clinical outcomes during Ramadan.

Objective: To determine if individualized education before Ramadan results in a safer fast for people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes who received care from participating clinics in Egypt, Iran, Jordan and Saudi Arabia and intended to fast during Ramadan 2014 were prospectively studied. Twelve clinics participated.

Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2015.

Since the first ADA working group report on the recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan in 2005 and our update in 2010, we received many inquiries asking for regular updates on information regarding education, nutritional habits and new oral and injectable agents that may be useful for the management of patients with diabetes during Ramadan. Patients can be stratified into their risk of hypoglycemia and/or complications prior to the start of the fasting period of Ramadan. Those at high risk of hypoglycemia and with multiple diabetic complications should be advised against prolonged fasting.

The rates of sputum conversion among new smear positive open pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under directly observed treatment, short course strategy.

Objective: To evaluate effectiveness of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) by monthly sputum conversion rates at first, second, and third month in newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (category-1), and to study patterns of lesions on chest radiographs and their correlation to smear sputum positivity, also to record reaction to Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) in active TB patients.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among 100 newly diagnosed patients of open pulmonary tuberculosis CAT-1, admitted and treated under DOTS, at the Tuberculosis Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between July to December 2010. Chest radiographs were studied for the patterns of lesions and their correlation to the grades of sputum positivity.

Prevalence of diabetes type-2 & pulmonary tuberculosis among Filipino and treatment outcomes: A surveillance study in the Eastern Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To study prevalence of diabetes type-2 and pulmonary tuberculosis among Filipino patients and treatment out comes. Tuberculosis centre of Dammam medical complex (MOH) is a referral centre for the Eastern Saudi Arabia where patients from all government and private hospitals having open pulmonary tuberculosis are admitted for isolation till they are rendered noninfectious. All patients are treated for 6 months under DOTS strategy with 4 drugs (2HRZE) for 2 months as initial intensive phase and 2 drugs (HR) for 4 months as continuation phase.

Milliary tuberculosis with unusual paradoxical response at 3 weeks of antituberculous treatment.

Milliary Tuberculosis (TB) occurs through lymphohaematogenous dissemination of M. tuberculosis and paradoxical response (PR) is a recognized feature. Respiratory failure, choroid tubercles and brain tuberculomas are some of the complications.