Geometric growth of the normal human craniocervical junction from 0 to 18 years old.

The craniocervical junction (CCJ) forms the bridge between the skull and the spine, a highly mobile group of joints that allows the mobility of the head in every direction. The CCJ plays a major role in protecting the inferior brainstem (bulb) and spinal cord, therefore also requiring some stability. Children are subjected to multiple constitutive or acquired diseases involving the CCJ: primary bone diseases such as in FGFR-related craniosynostoses or acquired conditions such as congenital torticollis, cervical spine luxation, and neurological disorders.

The neural correlates of memory integration in value-based decision-making during human spatial navigation.

In daily life, we often make decisions based on relative value of the options, and we often derive these values from segmenting or integrating the outcomes of past episodes in memory. The neural correlates involved in value-based decision-making have been extensively studied in the literature, but few studies have investigated this topic in decisions that require segmenting or integrating episodic memory from related sources, and even fewer studies examine it in the context of spatial navigation. Building on the computational models from our previous studies, the current study investigates the neural substrates involved in decisions that require people either segment or integrate wayfinding outcomes involving different goals, across virtual spatial navigation tasks with differing demands.

A comparison of reinforcement learning models of human spatial navigation.

Reinforcement learning (RL) models have been influential in characterizing human learning and decision making, but few studies apply them to characterizing human spatial navigation and even fewer systematically compare RL models under different navigation requirements. Because RL can characterize one's learning strategies quantitatively and in a continuous manner, and one's consistency of using such strategies, it can provide a novel and important perspective for understanding the marked individual differences in human navigation and disentangle navigation strategies from navigation performance. One-hundred and fourteen participants completed wayfinding tasks in a virtual environment where different phases manipulated navigation requirements.

Comparison of Aztreonam/Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Versus Aztreonam/Ceftazidime-Avibactam on Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistant .

We investigated the susceptibility of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistant to the associations aztreonam/amoxicillin-clavulanate (ATM-AMC) and ATM-CZA. Forty clinical isolates of recovered from sputum samples of 40 cystic fibrosis people were selected from the collection of the Nantes University Hospital, based on their resistance to CZA. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ATM-CZA and ATM-AMC were determined for each isolate by an Etest strip superposition method, and by Etest for each individual antibiotic.

Episodic memory integration shapes value-based decision-making in spatial navigation.

Valued-based decision-making has been studied for decades in myriad topics such as consumer spending and gambling, but very rarely in spatial navigation despite the link between the two being highly relevant to survival. Furthermore, how people integrate episodic memories, and what factors are related to the extent of memory integration in value-based decision-making, remain largely unknown. In the current study, participants learned locations of various objects in a virtual environment and then decided whether to reach goal objects from familiar starting locations or unpredictable ones, with different penalties associated with each option.

Evaluation of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) Scale in a cohort of patients recovering from hypoxemic SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Introduction: COVID-19 sequelae are numerous and multisystemic, and how to evaluate those symptomatic patients is a timely issue. Klok proposed the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) Scale as an easy tool to evaluate limitations related to persistent symptoms. Our aim was to analyse PCFS Scale ability to detect functional limitations and its correlation with quality of life in a cohort of patients, 2-9 months after hospitalisation for COVID-19 hypoxemic pneumonia.

Immune alveolitis in interstitial lung disease: an attractive cytological profile in immunocompromised patients.

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a major diagnostic tool in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its use remains largely quantitative, usually focused on cell differential ratio. However, cellular morphological features provide additional valuable information.

[Respiratory infections caused by slow-growing bacteria: Nocardia, Actinomyces, Rhodococcus].

Introduction: Pneumonia caused by slow-growing bacteria is rare but sometimes severe.

State Of The Art: These infections share many similarities such as several differential diagnoses, difficulties to identify the pathogen, the importance of involving the microbiologist in the diagnostic investigation and the need for prolonged antibiotic treatment. However, major differences distinguish them: Nocardia and Rhodococcus infect mainly immunocompromised patients while actinomycosis also concerns immunocompetent patients; the severity of nocardioses is related to their hematogenous spread while locoregional extension by contiguity makes the gravity of actinomycosis.

Disulfiram neuropathy.

A case of sensorimotor polyneuropathy during disulfiram administration is described. This complication partially resolved after the medication was stopped. Pathological observations revealed axonal changes and neurofilament accumulation was found in a few myelinated and unmyelinated axons.

Electrophysiological prognosis in facial paralysis.

Electrical prognosis was evaluated in 79 patients with facial paralysis, of spontaneous (n = 43) or post-traumatic origin (n = 36). Three electrophysiological tests were employed jointly: detection, stimulation and stimulodetection. The patients were reviewed at least 1 year later, in order to appreciate the agreement between the electrical prognosis and the clinical outcome (satisfactory or not).

[Surgical treatment of bronchial cancer--current status].

It is still difficult to codify the surgical treatment of primary bronchogenic cancer. In spite of improvements of means of diagnosis and of detection of metastases the results at intermediate and long term are frequently modest. The techniques of resection are improved, and this is the method of choice in all cases where function and anatomical situation are permissive.

[Mediastinitis caused by odontogenic anaerobic bacteria].

Anaerobic odontogenic mediastinitis appeared to be on the increase. The case described had a favourable outcome. The aetiology and pathology of this disease, the dreadful prognosis of which was a mortality rate of 50%, were discussed.

Neoplastic tracheal stenosis.

Primary tracheal tumors (PTT) are relatively rare and their diagnosis often late because the symptomatology is noncharacteristic and the signs only appear when over 60% of the lumen is obstructed. The most frequent histologic type is epithelioma (50 to 60%), but the glandular type which has a low malignant potential constitutes 25% to 40% of PTT, especially cystic adenoid carcinoma (cylindroma), which has a slow development but widely infiltrates the submucosa, distant from the macroscopic limits of the tumor. True benign tumors are rare.

Surgery for cardiac complications caused by endocardial mural fibrin deposits in a hypereosinophilic syndrome.

A 31-year-old man presented with rapid onset of intractable congestive heart failure during the course of chemotherapy for eosinophilic leukemia. Patients with a hypereosinophilic syndrome usually die from complications of eosinophilic infiltration and fibrosis in target organs. The resulting cardiac lesions are a cause of death among these patients.

Repair of large chest wall defects: experience with 23 patients.

The repair of large chest wall defects has been done on 23 patients who had 28 operations. Twenty-two patients had a neoplasm of the thoracic cage, while 1 had a large inflammatory mass. Nine patients had a partial lung and 3 a partial diaphragmatic resection done en bloc with the ribs.

[Interest of pleurectomy as a complement of emphysematous bullae resections (author's transl)].

Complementary pleurectomy following emphysematous bullae resection is justified only if it improves long-term results in comparison with surgical symphysis obtained by pleural irritation. This cannot be proved at this time. On the other hand, in spite of their limitations, experiments in man suggest that this pleurectomy does not cause any particular complications.

[Preventive treatment of thromboembolic disease in thoracic surgery (author's transl)].

The aim of the present work is twofold: 1) to find a simple method of diagnosing a genuine risk of post operative thromboembolic disease: the level of platellets and of fibrine, the cephaline-kaolin test, the thromboelastogram and the para-coagulation tests were not considered satisfactory by authors. Only the isotopic detection of venous thrombosis is able to confirm the value of a given preventive treatment; 2) to achieve an effective prevemtive treatment: the pre and post-operative heparin therapy (an adaptation of Kakkar's method) eliminates the clinical accidents, reduces the number of isotopic venous thrombosis, but might increase the incidence of hemorrage.