Noninvasive molecular imaging using anti-Trop-2 aptamer for targeted therapy of small cell lung cancer.

Recent advancements in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting trophoblast surface cell antigen 2 (Trop-2) have brought important progress in the field of targeted therapy. This progress also holds promise for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as anti-Trop-2 therapy appears to have a safe and effective clinical activity in metastatic SCLC patients. However, effective treatments of anti-Trop-2 ADCs rely on the comprehensive assessment of Trop-2 expression at the tumor sites, SCLC exhibits intratumoral heterogeneity, making the accurate acquisition of histological biopsies a challenge.

Molecular mechanism of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: The heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts and key signaling pathways.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stands out as an exceptionally fatal cancer owing to the complexities associated with its treatment and diagnosis, leading to a notably low five-year survival rate. This study offers a detailed exploration of epidemiological trends in pancreatic cancer and key molecular drivers, such as mutations in , , , and , along with the influence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on disease progression. In particular, we focused on the pivotal roles of signaling pathways such as the transforming growth factor-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in the development of pancreatic cancer and investigated their application in emerging therapeutic strategies.

Retinal vascular alterations in cognitive impairment: A multicenter study in China.

Introduction: Foundational models suggest Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be diagnosed using retinal images, but the specific structural features remain poorly understood. This study investigates retinal vascular changes in individuals with cognitive impairment in three East Asian regions.

Methods: A multicenter study was conducted in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Ningxia, collecting retinal images from 176 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD and 264 controls.

Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-modified protein nanoparticles enhance docetaxel oral delivery and exhibit potent in vitro anti-tumor and macrophage-activating effects.

The antitumor drug docetaxel (DTX) has limited oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop novel oral nanoparticles to enhance DTX's absorption and bioactivities. The nanoparticles (H-N-D) were prepared by inducing the self-assembly of a Coptis protein through heating, followed by modification using hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC).

Molecular heterogeneity in pediatric sepsis: identification of oxidative stress-related subtypes and diagnostic biomarkers through integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, often involving heightened oxidative stress. Understanding the molecular heterogeneity of sepsis can provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods: Machine learning approaches were employed to identify diagnostic biomarkers.

White matter injury, plasma Alzheimer's disease, and neurodegenerative biomarkers on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: A 10-year longitudinal study.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the synergistic impact of white matter injury, Alzheimer's disease, and neurodegenerative pathology on long-term cognitive decline and dementia risk in older adults.

Methods: We included 262 dementia-free participants with baseline and follow-up interviews (2010-2021). At baseline, peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) was assessed from diffusion tensor imaging.

Preclinical Evaluation of Ga-Labeled SL1 Aptamer for c-Met Targeted PET Imaging.

Tyrosine protein kinase c-Met, encoded by the Met gene, is a membrane-associated receptor tyrosine kinase that is often aberrantly expressed in a wide range of tumors. The development of imaging probes specifically targeting c-Met is critical for improving cancer diagnostics. In this study, we successfully designed and fabricated an aptamer molecular imaging probe ([Ga]Ga-NOTA-SL1) with high radiochemical purity (RCP), good stability , and high affinity for c-Met expressed tumors.

Prenatal and Postnatal Nutritional Mismatch, Reflected by Birth Weight and Adult BMI, and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate how nutritional exposures in early life, represented by birth weight (BW), and in later life, indicated by adult body mass index (BMI), interact to influence cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk and to examine the underlying causal relationships.

Methods: Included were 254,224 participants of White European ancestry from the UK Biobank. To evaluate the joint associations of BW and adult BMI with CMD risk, BW was categorized as low (LBW, <2.

Closing the gap in dementia research by community-based cohort studies in the Chinese population.

China accounts for 1/5 of the global population and China faces a particularly heavy dementia burden due to its rapidly ageing population. Unique historical events, genetic background, sociocultural factors, lifestyle, and the COVID-19 pandemic further influence cognitive outcomes in the Chinese population. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for community-based cohort studies related to dementia in the Chinese population, and summarized the characteristics, methodologies, and major findings published over the last 25 years from 39 cohorts.

Review of pretreatment and analytical methods for environmental endocrine disruptors: Phthalates.

Phthalates, known as phthalate esters (PAEs), are among the most ubiquitous pervasive env7ironmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), extensively utilized globally in various facets of modern life due to their irreplaceable role as plasticizers. The exponential production and utilization of plastic goods have substantially escalated plastic waste accumulation. Consequently, PAEs have infiltrated the environment, contaminating food and drinking water reservoirs, posing notable threats to human health.

Self-assembled aptamer nanoparticles for enhanced recognition and anticancer therapy through a lysosome-independent pathway.

Aptamers and aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs) have shown some success as targeted therapies in cancer theranostics. However, their stability in complex media and their capacity to evade lysosomal breakdown still need improvement. To address these challenges, we herein developed a one-step self-assembly strategy to improve the stability of aptamers or ApDCs, while simultaneously enhancing their delivery performance and therapeutic efficiency through a lysosome-independent pathway.

Clinical characteristics and biomarker profile in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: the Shanghai Memory Study.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease constitutes ∼5-10% of Alzheimer's disease. Its clinical characteristics and biomarker profiles are not well documented. To compare the characteristics covering clinical, neuropsychological and biomarker profiles between patients with early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, we enrolled 203 patients (late-onset Alzheimer's disease = 99; early-onset Alzheimer's disease = 104) from a Chinese hospital-based cohort, the Shanghai Memory Study.

Microenvironment-confined kinetic elucidation and implementation of a DNA nano-phage with a shielded internal computing layer.

Multiple receptor analysis-based DNA molecular computation has been developed to mitigate the off-target effect caused by nonspecific expression of cell membrane receptors. However, it is quite difficult to involve nanobodies into molecular computation with programmed recognition order because of the "always-on" response mode and the inconvenient molecular programming. Here we propose a spatial segregation-based molecular computing strategy with a shielded internal computing layer termed DNA nano-phage (DNP) to program nanobody into DNA molecular computation and build a series of kinetic models to elucidate the mechanism of microenvironment-confinement.

Physical Activity and Life Expectancy Free of Cancer: Prospective Evidence From the UK Biobank Study.

Background: Life expectancy free of cancer (LEFC) is a novel measure that considers both morbidity and mortality and could be a useful metric for disease surveillance and risk communication. We aimed to examine the association between physical activity and LEFC in British adults.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 292,559 apparently healthy UK Biobank participants (mean [SD] age, 56.

Using primary and routinely collected data to determine prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in rural China: a representative cross-sectional study of 6474 Chinese adults.

Background: In China, rising chronic diseases has coincided with the increasing burden of multimorbidity, particularly for vulnerable populations. Limited primary data are available to understand the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity, especially in resource-limited rural areas. This study aims to conduct robust evaluations of the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among rural adults in China, and to compare the differences in prevalence and patterns when using primary data alone versus in combination with routinely collected data.

High-Energy-Density Li-CO Battery at Elevated Temperatures: Advances with Fluorine-Substituted Graphdiyne and Ionic Liquid.

Li-CO batteries demonstrate promising prospects in terms of high-density energy storage and efficient CO fixation. However, their practical application is impeded by sluggish reaction kinetics and leakage of volatile and flammable organic electrolytes, especially for high temperature application scenarios, leading to large polarization and limited cycling stability. Herein, we fabricate a highly rechargeable and stable Li-CO battery with high temperature adaptability by employing fluorine-substituted graphdiyne (FGDY) as cathode catalysts and imidazolium-based ionic liquid as electrolyte solvents.

Effects of group communication norms on daily steps in a team-based financial incentive mobile phone intervention in Shanghai, China.

Background: Mobile technology offers great potential for physical activity promotion, especially by facilitating online communication, however, the impact of group communication norms on intervention effectiveness remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on daily steps of a team-based social norms-related intervention using a mobile application.

Methods: The 13-week quasi-experimental study was conducted in Shanghai, China, from September to November 2019, involving 2,985 employees from 32 worksites.

Framework Nucleic Acid-Nanobody Fusion Probe-Based Pharmacokinetics Modulation and Analysis for Efficient Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.

Nanobodies are promising for immunoPET imaging due to their excellent antigen recognition and tumor targeting, yet rapid clearance limits their tumor accumulation. Although multimerization and albumin binding can extend their circulation time and improve tumor targeting, a simple and universal method for creating protein multimers is still needed. Here, we leveraged the facile synthesis, controllable size, and precise assembly of DNA nanotechnology to construct CD47-targeted framework nucleic acid-nanobody fusion probes with multiple valences and sizes.

Gender differences in physical activity and sport participation in adults across 28 European countries between 2005 and 2022.

Objective: There is a lack of understanding of the specific types and intensities of physical activity driving the gender gap in overall levels of physical activity, and how these activities are changing over time. We examined the gender gap in specific types and intensities of physical activities in European adults from 2005 to 2022.

Study Design And Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study included data from adults from the Eurobarometer (2005-2022) from 28 European countries.

Effects of combined exposure to PM, O, and NO on health risks of different disease populations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Air pollution adversely affects people's health. Under the current background of compound air pollution in China, the emission reduction potential of air pollution control has significantly decreased, and there are few studies on multi-pollutant emission reduction and synergistic effects. PM, O, and NO have caused the enormous disease burden and health risks.

Associations of adiposity and device-measured physical activity with cancer incidence: UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Background: High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk. Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and device-measured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality.

Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality by Age in 4 Multinational Megacohorts.

Importance: Physical activity (PA) guidelines recommend the same amount of PA through adulthood to live longer.

Objective: To explore whether there is an age-dependent association between PA and all-cause mortality and to investigate the age-dependent associations between other modifiable health factors (high educational level, not smoking, not regularly consuming alcohol, healthy body weight, and living without hypertension and diabetes) and mortality.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used a pooled analysis of 4 population-based prospective cohorts (National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2018; UK Biobank, 2006-2010; China Kadoorie Biobank, 2004-2008; and Mei Jau, 1997-2016).