Comprehensive immunoprofiling of neurodevelopmental disorders suggests three distinct classes based on increased neurogenesis, Th-1 polarization or IL-1 signaling.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with commonalities as well as differences in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. Immune dysregulation has surfaced as a major pathway in NDDs. However, it is not known if neurodevelopmental disorders share a common immunopathogenetic mechanism.

Revolutionizing fuel production through biologically synthesized zero-dimensional nanoparticles.

The sustainable management of wastewater and the production of clean fuel with a reduced carbon footprint require innovative methods, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and hydrogen generation. To achieve this, biosynthesized photocatalysts are necessary, with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) being a promising candidate for achieving this goal. In this study, CQDs were prepared from water caltrop peels and a composite of greenly synthesized CQDs with copper selenide (CuSe) was used for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and production of fuel.

Synthesis and characterization of PANI and PANI-indole copolymer and study of their antimalarial and antituberculosis activity.

The preparation of polyaniline (PANI) and its copolymer with indole involved a chemical oxidative polymerization method, with benzene sulfonic acid (BSA, CHOS) used as a dopant and potassium persulfate (PPS, KSO) as an oxidant. The synthesized compounds underwent characterization using FTIR, 1H-NMR, TGA, and GPC techniques, which allowed the calculation of their average molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) through the GPC technique. The PDI values of the PANI copolymer with indole in different aniline-to-indole ratios were 1.

Laparoscopic evaluation of female genital tuberculosis in infertility: An observational study.

Background & Objectives: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important variety of extrapulmonary TB causing significant morbidity, especially infertility, in developing countries like India. The aim of this study was to evaluate the laparoscopic findings of the FGTB.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 374 cases of diagnostic laparoscopy performed on FGTB cases with infertility.

Greener design and characterization of biochar/FeO@SiO-Ag magnetic nanocomposite as efficient catalyst for synthesis of bioactive benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives.

The study aimed to develop an efficient catalyst, biochar/FeO@SiO-Ag magnetic nanocomposite, to synthesize bioactive benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction. The catalyst was prepared using Ag nanoparticles synthesized with Lawsonia inermis leaf extract and carbon-based biochar obtained through pyrolysis of bark. The nanocomposite contained a silica-based interlayer, highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles, and a central magnetite core, which responded well to external fields.

Hysterosalpingography Observations in Female Genital Tuberculosis with Infertility.

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is radiographic evaluation of uterine cavity and tubal patency.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and utilisation of HSG in female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) with infertility.

Settings And Design: The study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre of North India.

An evaluation of Composite Reference Standard (CRS) for diagnosis of Female Genital Tuberculosis.

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a common cause of infertility in developing countries. Its diagnosis is difficult due to its paucibacillary nature, with no single test having high sensitivity and specificity. This study is to share the experience of using Composite Reference Standard (CRS) for the diagnosis of FGTB.

[A rare case of bladder leiomyoma in pregnancy: a case report].

We present a rare case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder that was diagnosed during pregnancy. The case of a 29-year-old woman primigravida at 13 weeks of pregnancy who presented with 6 months history of abdominal swelling which was gradually increasing in size. Computed tomography done revealed a large heterogenous mass(enhancing) with an area of non-enhancing (necrosis) suggestive of malignant ovarian tumor.

Immune disturbances in female genital tuberculosis and latent genital tuberculosis.

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB), an important clinical sub-type of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is responsible for about 10% cases of infertility in India. Both FGTB and latent genital tuberculosis (LGTB) can cause infertility through blockage of fallopian tubes and through altered uterine endometrial receptivity.

Aims: This review tries to elucidates the role of various immune factors in FGTB and LGTB.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in evaluation of tuberculous tubo ovarian mass.

Objective: Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of tuberculous tubo-ovarian (TO) mass.

Methods: MRI was performed on 33 patients of tuberculous TO mass of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB).

Results: Mean age, BMI, and parity was 27.

Evidence-Based Management of Uterine Fibroids With Botanical Drugs-A Review.

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are a common benign gynecological tumor that affect the majority of women over their lifetime. Several pharmacological agents are available to reduce the size of fibroids and ameliorate the symptoms of UF. However, these drugs are expensive and are usually associated with profound side effects.

Hysteroscopic observations in 348 consecutive cases of female genital tuberculosis: A prospective study.

Study Objective: To evaluate the hysteroscopic findings in female genital tuberculosis.

Design: It was a prospective study of hysteroscopic findings performed on 348 cases of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB).

Setting: It was a prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary referral centre.

Evaluation of Role of Transabdominal and Transvaginal Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Female Genital Tuberculosis.

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a common problem in developing countries causing significant morbidity, especially infertility. Radiological imaging, especially ultrasound, can help in diagnosis of FGTB with tubo-ovarian masses.

Aims: The present study was performed to evaluate the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of FGTB and to see various findings of FGTB on ultrasound.

Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Female Genital Tuberculosis.

Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of significant morbidity and infertility. Gold-standard diagnosis by demonstration of acid fast bacilli on microscopy or culture or detection of epithelioid granuloma on histopathology of endometrial or peritoneal biopsy is positive in only small percentage of cases due to its paucibacillary nature. Use of gene Xpert on endometrial or peritoneal biopsy has improved sensitivity of diagnosis.

Preschool-onset OCD: A review of literature and clinical experience.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been described in preschool children as young as 2-3 years old. A preschool age onset of OCD has unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this article, the authors review published literature on preschool onset OCD and present data on preschool-onset OCD (age of onset ≤ 5 years) from clinical records at a tertiary care child and adolescent psychiatry center in India.

A simple and reliable Taguchi approach for multi-objective optimization to identify optimal process parameters in nano-powder-mixed electrical discharge machining of INCONEL800 with copper electrode.

There is a need for heavy-duty machining equipment and tooling to minimize chatter due to work-hardening of the INCONEL materials ahead of cutting. Optimum EDM parameters are to be identified to produce quality products of INCONEL800. Modified Taguchi approach is adopted in the multi-objective optimization to identify the optimum peak current, pulse-on-time and pulse-off-time in the nano powder mixed EDM (n-PMEDM) of INCONEL800 with copper electrode for high material removal rate (MRR) and low surface roughness (SR).

Indole fragments for the design of lead molecules against pancreatitis.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Congenital capillary hemangioma arising from palpebral conjunctiva of a neonate.

Capillary hemangioma is the most common benign vascular eyelid tumor in childhood. The periocular lesion appears within the first few weeks after birth and usually has superficial or deep components. Primary conjunctival capillary hemangiomas are rarely reported.

Multi drug resistant female genital tuberculosis: A preliminary report.

Objective: Evaluation of 6 patients presenting with tubo-ovarian mass or infertility with multi drug resistant (MDR) female genital tuberculosis (FGTB).

Study Design: It was an observational study in a tertiary referral centre, India on subjects with MDR FGTB on clinical examination and investigations. All patients were given category IV drugs using kanamycin (intramuscular), levofloxacin, pyrazinamide, cycloserine, ethionamide and ethambutol (or para aminosalicylic acid [PAS] for ethambutol resistant cases) for 6 months intensive phase followed by oral levofloxacin, cycloserine, ethionamide and ethambutol (or PAS for ethambutol resistant cases) for 18 months continuation phase.