A Case Report of Caudal Migration of a Lumbar Epidural Catheter Confirmed by Doppler Ultrasound: Ultrasound to the Rescue!

Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia is an excellent technique for providing intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Epidural catheters threaded through a Tuohy needle with a cephalad needle bevel orientation follow a winding pattern within the epidural space. Caudal or downward migration of an epidural catheter may lead to unsatisfactory anaesthesia and epidural failure.

A Q-transform-based deep learning model for the classification of atrial fibrillation types.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is emerging as a global epidemic, which has resulted in a need for techniques to accurately diagnose AF and its various subtypes. While the classification of cardiac arrhythmias with AF is common, distinguishing between AF subtypes is not. Accurate classification of AF subtypes is important for making better clinical decisions and for timely management of the disease.

Elucidating the Role of Atomically Dilute Copper Centers Impregnating a Phosphamide Polymer for the Preferential Hydrogen Evolution Reaction over CO Reduction.

Organic polymers have attracted considerable interest in designing a multifunctional electrocatalyst. However, the inferior electro-conductivity of such metal-free polymers is often regarded as a shortcoming. Herein, a nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich polymer with phosphamide functionality (PAP) in the repeating unit has been synthesized from diaminopyridine (DAP) and phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDC) precursors.

Morphological study of the placenta in deliveries with pre-eclampsia: Results from a prospective, observational study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe).

Objective: To compare placental findings in women with and without pre-eclampsia.

Design: The PURPOSe study included women with stillbirths, women with preterm births and women at term as controls. The placenta of each case was evaluated using the Amsterdam criteria.

The dynamin GTPase mediates regenerative axonal fusion in by regulating fusogen levels.

Axonal fusion is a neuronal repair mechanism that results in the reconnection of severed axon fragments, leading to the restoration of cytoplasmic continuity and neuronal function. While synaptic vesicle recycling has been linked to axonal regeneration, its role in axonal fusion remains unknown. Dynamin proteins are large GTPases that hydrolyze lipid-binding membranes to carry out clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle recycling.

Cage Dynamics-Mediated High Ionic Transport in Li-O Batteries with a Hybrid Aprotic Electrolyte: LiTFSI, Sulfolane, and ,-Dimethylacetamide.

Mixed electrolytes perform better than single solvent electrolytes in aprotic lithium-O batteries in terms of stability and transportation. According to an experimental study, a mixed electrolyte consisting of dimethylacetamide (DMA)/sulfolane (TMS) with lithium bisfluorosulfonimide (LiTFSI) showed high ionic conductivity, oxygen solubility, remarkable stability, and better cycle life than only DMA-based or TMS-based electrolytes. In this work, we used classical molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structure and ionic dynamics of the DMA/TMS hybrid electrolytes at two compositions.

Covert Channel Communication as an Emerging Security Threat in 2.5D/3D Integrated Systems.

In this paper, first, a broad overview of existing covert channel communication-based security attacks is provided. Such covert channels establish a communication link between two entities that are not authorized to share data. The secret data is encoded into different forms of signals, such as delay, temperature, or hard drive location.

Novel putative interactors of FZO-1/mitofusin 2 identified using large-scale yeast two-hybrid screening in .

Mitochondria are energy-converting organelles that shift between fusion and fission states in order to perform a variety of essential functions. Disruption of these dynamics is detrimental to cellular health and is associated with a range of human diseases. Mitofusin 2 is an essential large GTPase protein that orchestrates fusion of outer mitochondria membranes, and mutations in the encoding gene are causative for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Mutation of the H12-helix of α-tubulin/MEC-12 disrupts the localization of neuronal mitochondria.

Microtubules are essential components of the cytoskeleton that allow bi-lateral neuronal transport. Correct regulation of these complex intracellular transport processes is central to neuronal function. However, despite major advancements in our knowledge, we still lack a complete understanding on how neuronal transport is regulated.

Synaptic branch stability is mediated by non-enzymatic functions of MEC-17/αTAT1 and ATAT-2.

Microtubules are fundamental elements of neuronal structure and function. They are dynamic structures formed from protofilament chains of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers. Acetylation of the lysine 40 (K40) residue of α-tubulin protects microtubules from mechanical stresses by imparting structural elasticity.

DYN-1/dynamin regulates microtubule dynamics after axon injury.

Microtubules play essential roles in the regeneration of axons after injury, but precisely how their growth is regulated remains to be resolved. Here, we studied the influence of the DYN-1/dynamin GTPase protein on microtubule growth after axon injury. Before injury, loss of DYN-1 had no effect on microtubule dynamics compared to wild-type animals.

Ecklonia cava fucoidan has potential to stimulate natural killer cells in vivo.

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide, derived from various marine brown seaweeds, that has immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we analyzed the effects of five different fucoidans, which were extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum, Undaria pinnatifida, Macrocystis pyrifera, Fucus vesiculosus, and Ecklonia cava, on natural killer (NK) cell activation in mice. Among these, E.

Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides potentiate the growth-inhibitory activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors against pulmonary metastatic melanoma in mice.

Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) is commonly used in various herbal formulations to treat several human and animal diseases. Polysaccharides, which are the major bioactive components in the A.

The E-cigarette ban in India-A step in the right direction?

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a popular method to help quit tobacco smoking. However, there is a paucity of data in the literature on their safety and efficacy. Recently, the Indian Government has called for a ban on all e-cigarettes and taken steps to restrict access to vaping products from the market.

Prevalence of Nutritional Deficiency Anaemia and Its Impact on Scholastic Performance among Undergraduate Medical Students.

Introduction: Nutritional deficiency anaemia can lead to development of headache, fatigue, lethargy, apathy, exertional dyspnoea, palpitations and tinnitus and thereby decrease the quality of everyday life to a great extent. Such symptoms may pose a hindrance for students in their academic life and have a negative impact on their career.

Aim: To determine prevalence of nutritional deficiency anaemia and its correlation with academic performance among medical students.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence and associated risk factors--A study from rural sector of Maharashtra.

Background And Aim: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and hardly any studies have been reported about its prevalence from rural India. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of NAFLD rural sector from Maharashtra (India) and study the risk factors associated with the disease.

Methods: The study was conducted on 410 individuals from villages in the vicinity of Nanded town attending a tertiary care hospital; out of which 302 individuals were considered for analysis.

Two-step impression for atrophic mandibular ridge.

The clinical difficulties encountered while treating edentulous patients with atrophic mandibular ridges are legion. Capturing tissue details while making an impression of a resorbed mandibular ridge poses a great clinical challenge. Extending the denture bases adequately to cover all of the available supporting tissues is one of the prime requisite.

Successful treatment of Nocardia pneumonia with cytomegalovirus retinitis coinfection in a renal transplant recipient.

Nocardiosis is a rare opportunistic infection, especially seen in immunocompromised patients, including renal allograft recipients. Primary pulmonary infection is the most common clinical pattern and can easily result in disseminated Nocardia infection if treatment therapy is not adequate at the beginning. We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis in a renal transplant recipient, followed by chronic allograft dysfunction.

Role of oxidative stress and inflammation in hypoxia-induced cerebral edema: a molecular approach.

The present study reports the possible role of oxidative stress and inflammation (role of nuclear factor, NFkB) in hypoxia-induced transvascular leakage in brain of rats. The rats were exposed to a simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for different durations: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48h. Brain water content, transvascular leakage, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory parameters were studied at different durations of hypoxic exposure.

Effect of hydroxyl substitution of flavone on angiogenesis and free radical scavenging activities: a structure-activity relationship studies using computational tools.

Angiogenesis is a key process needed for the growth and survival of solid tumors. Anti-angiogenesis may arrest the tumor growth and keep check on cancer metastasis. Developing antiangiogenic agents have remained a significant hope in the mainstream of anticancer research.

Three-phase partitioning of alpha-galactosidase from fermented media of Aspergillus oryzae and comparison with conventional purification techniques.

Simple, attractive and versatile technique, three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to purify alpha-galactosidase from fermented media of Aspergillus oryzae. The various conditions required for attaining efficient purification of the alpha-galactosidase fractions were optimized. The addition of n-butanol, t-butanol, and isopropanol in the presence of ammonium sulfate pushes the protein out of the solution to form an interfacial precipitate layer between the lower aqueous and upper organic layers.

Cobalt chloride attenuates hypobaric hypoxia induced vascular leakage in rat brain: molecular mechanisms of action of cobalt chloride.

This study reports the efficacy of cobalt preconditioning in preventing hypobaric hypoxia induced vascular leakage (an indicator of cerebral edema) using male Sprague-Dawley rats as model system. Exposure of animals to hypobaric hypoxia led to a significant increase in vascular leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. There was a marked increase in Nuclear Factor kappaB (NFkappaB) DNA binding activity and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cell adhesion molecules such as Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and P-selectin.

Purification and characterization of thermostable alpha-galactosidase from Aspergillus terreus (GR).

An extracellular thermostable alpha-galactosidase producing Aspergillus terreus (GR) strain was isolated from soil sample using guar gum as sole source of carbon. It was purified to apparent homogeneity by acetone precipitation, gel filtration followed by DEAE-Sephacel chromatographic step. The purified enzyme showed a single band after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).