Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, but not preconception or prenatal maternal nutrition supplementation, predict neurodevelopment in offspring of the 'Women First' trial.

Multiple factors influence infant and child neurodevelopment in low resource settings. In offspring of participants in the preconception maternal nutrition trial, Women First (WF), we examined the impact of providing a preconception (Arm 1) or prenatal (Arm 2) nutrient supplement (compared to controls, Arm 3) on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months; predictors of neurodevelopment scores; and associations of infant anthropometrics with neurodevelopmental scores. Follow-up visits for anthropometry were conducted at 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month of age.

Predictors of Preterm Neonatal Mortality in India and Pakistan: A Secondary Analysis of Data from PURPOSe Study.

To create a prediction model for preterm neonatal mortality. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from a prospective cohort study, the Project to Understand and Research Preterm Pregnancy Outcome South Asia. The Cox proportional hazard model was used and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported.

The Association Between Breastfeeding and Growth Among Infants with Moderately Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the association between breastfeeding competency, as determined by Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold (LATCH) and Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) scores, and exclusive breastfeeding and growth among infants with low birth weight (LBW) in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.

Study Design: We conducted LATCH and PIBBS assessments among mother-infant dyads enrolled in the Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration (LIFE) observational study of infants with moderately LBW (1500g-2499 g) in India, Malawi, and Tanzania. We analyzed feeding and growth patterns among this cohort.

Analysis of the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of irrigants and use of activation systems: An study.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 18% 1-hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP), with diode laser and passive ultrasonic activation (PUI): an confocal laser scanning microscopy study.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single canal were selected. They were disinfected in 0.

Neurodevelopment of Children Whose Mothers Were Randomized to Low-Dose Aspirin During Pregnancy.

Objective: Because low-dose aspirin is now commonly prescribed in pregnancy, we sought to assess the association between early antenatal exposure and child neurodevelopment.

Methods: We performed a noninferiority, masked, neurodevelopmental follow-up study of children between age 33 and 39 months whose mothers had been randomized to daily low-dose aspirin (81 mg) or placebo between 6 0/7 and 13 6/7 weeks of gestation through 37 weeks. Neurodevelopment was assessed with the Bayley-III (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition) and the ASQ-3 (Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd Edition).

Assessing the Efficacy of Anterior Repositioning Splints in the Management of Temporomandibular Disc Displacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Disc displacement (DD) occurs when the cushioning disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), situated between the jawbone and the skull, is out of position. The condition can be of two kinds: disc displacement with reduction (ddwr) and disc displacement without reduction (ddwor). The present systematic review was undertaken to assess the efficacy of anterior repositioning splints (ARS) for ddwr and ddwor.

Facilitators, barriers, and key influencers of breastfeeding among low birthweight infants: a qualitative study in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.

Background: Low birthweight (LBW) infants are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months is recommended to help them thrive through infection prevention, growth improvements, and enhancements in neurodevelopment. However, limited data exist on the feeding experiences of LBW infants, their caregivers and key community influencers.

The PURPOSe cause of death study in stillbirths and neonatal deaths in India and Pakistan: A review.

The PURPOSe study was a prospective, observational study conducted in India and Pakistan to determine the cause of death for stillbirths and preterm neonatal deaths, using clinical data together with minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and the histologic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluation of fetal/neonatal tissues and the placenta. After evaluating all available data, an independent panel chose a maternal, a placental and a fetal/neonatal cause of death. Here, we summarise the major results.

Safety and immunogenicity of a new formulation of a pentavalent DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine in healthy Indian infants-A randomized study.

Background: Pentavalent vaccines (DTP-HepB-Hib) have been introduced in many countries in their routine public immunization programmes to protect against diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), hepatitis B (Hep B) and Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) diseases. This study compared the safety and immunogenicity of a new formulation of a whole-cell Bordetella pertussis (wP) based pentavalent vaccine (DTwP-HepB-Hib). The new formulation was developed using well-characterized hepatitis B and pertussis whole cell vaccine components.

Morphological study of the placenta in deliveries with pre-eclampsia: Results from a prospective, observational study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe).

Objective: To compare placental findings in women with and without pre-eclampsia.

Design: The PURPOSe study included women with stillbirths, women with preterm births and women at term as controls. The placenta of each case was evaluated using the Amsterdam criteria.

Group B streptococcal prevalence in internal organs and placentas of deceased neonates and stillbirths in South Asia.

Objective: Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but few prospective studies have assessed its prevalence in low- and middle-income country settings. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of GBS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in internal organ tissues and placentas of deceased neonates and stillbirths.

Design: This was a prospective, observational study.

Lessons learned in implementing the Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration study: A large, multi-site observational study.

Objective: Globally, early and optimal feeding practices and strategies for small and vulnerable infants are limited. We aim to share the challenges faced and implementation lessons learned from a complex, mixed methods research study on infant feeding.

Design: A formative, multi-site, observational cohort study using convergent parallel, mixed-methods design.

Pregnancy outcomes in preterm multiple gestations: Results from a prospective study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe).

Objective: To evaluate perinatal outcomes in preterm multiple compared with singleton pregnancies in India and Pakistan.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Settings: Study hospitals in India and Pakistan.

Neonatal mortality among preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units in India and Pakistan: A prospective study.

Objective: To explore potential reasons for differences in preterm neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in India and Pakistan.

Design: A prospective observational study, the Project to Understand and Research Stillbirth and Preterms in Southeast Asia (PURPOSe) was conducted July 2018 to February 2020.

Setting: Three hospitals in Davangere, India, and a large public hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Data usefulness in determining cause of stillbirth in South Asia.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of data to determine cause of stillbirth in India and Pakistan.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Settings: Study hospitals in India and Pakistan.

A Clinical Evaluation of Difference in Shades among Maxillary Central Incisor, Canine, and First Molar in a Young Age-group Using Digital Spectrophotometer: An Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the most common shades of maxillary central incisor, canine and first molar and to confirm the shade difference between maxillary central incisor and canine in a young population of 18-25 years.

Materials And Methods: The shade of the maxillary central incisor, canine, and first molar of 100 study participants in a young population between 18 and 25 years were measured by digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade). The shade of each tooth was assessed thrice with a digital spectrophotometer at the center of the tooth.

Neurodevelopment, vision and auditory outcomes at age 2 years in offspring of participants in the 'Women First' maternal preconception nutrition randomised controlled trial.

Background: Maternal nutrition in preconception and early pregnancy influences fetal growth. Evidence for effects of prenatal maternal nutrition on early child development (ECD) in low-income and middle-income countries is limited.

Objectives: To examine impact of maternal nutrition supplementation initiated prior to or during pregnancy on ECD, and to examine potential association of postnatal growth with ECD domains.

Facility-based care for moderately low birthweight infants in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.

Globally, increasing rates of facility-based childbirth enable early intervention for small vulnerable newborns. We describe health system-level inputs, current feeding, and discharge practices for moderately low birthweight (MLBW) infants (1500-<2500g) in resource-constrained settings. The Low Birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration study is a mixed methods observational study in 12 secondary- and tertiary-level facilities in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.

Pathogens identified in the internal tissues and placentas of stillbirths: results from the prospective, observational PURPOSe study.

Objective: To examine internal organ tissues and placentas of stillbirths for various pathogens.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Settings: Three study hospitals in India and a large maternity hospital in Pakistan.

Feeding practices and growth patterns of moderately low birthweight infants in resource-limited settings: results from a multisite, longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: To describe the feeding profile of low birthweight (LBW) infants in the first half of infancy; and to examine growth patterns and early risk factors of poor 6-month growth outcomes.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Stable, moderately LBW (1.

Limiting adverse birth outcomes in resource-limited settings (LABOR): protocol of a prospective intrapartum cohort study.

Each year, nearly 300,000 women and 5 million fetuses or neonates die during childbirth or shortly thereafter, a burden concentrated disproportionately in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying women and their fetuses at risk for intrapartum-related morbidity and death could facilitate early intervention. The Limiting Adverse Birth Outcomes in Resource-Limited Settings (LABOR) Study is a multi-country, prospective, observational cohort designed to exhaustively document the course and outcomes of labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period in settings where adverse outcomes are frequent.

Exploratory analysis of demographic data, tobacco habits, and oral health-related quality of life among complete denture patients.

Aim: The present study assessed the impact of demographics and tobacco habits on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among complete denture patients.

Setting And Design: Prospective cohort study design.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and eighty four edentulous patients, aged above 30 years, were chosen as the sample for the study after taking informed consent.

Effect of physical and psychological status on oral health quality of life of geriatric patients undergoing complete denture treatment.

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate differences in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in denture wearers based on psychological classification and patient satisfaction.

Settings And Design: A prospective study.

Materials And Methods: 284 patients, aged 30 years and above who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were recruited.