Transitions of Care in Cystic Fibrosis.

The development of formal transition models emerged to reduce variability in care, including cystic fibrosis (CF) responsibility, independence, self-care, and education (RISE), which provides a standardized transition program, including knowledge assessments, self-management checklists, and milestones for people with CF. Despite these interventions, the current landscape of health care transition (HCT) remains suboptimal, and additional focused attention on HCT is necessary. Standardization of assessment tools to gauge the efficacy of transfer from pediatric to adult care is a high priority.

Metabolic responsiveness to training depends on insulin sensitivity and protein content of exosomes in insulin-resistant males.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VOmax), but its impact on metabolism remains unclear. We hypothesized that 12-week HIIT increases insulin sensitivity in males with or without type 2 diabetes [T2D and NDM (nondiabetic humans)]. However, despite identically higher VOmax, mainly insulin-resistant (IR) persons (T2D and IR NDM) showed distinct alterations of circulating small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) along with lower inhibitory metabolic (protein kinase Cε activity) or inflammatory (nuclear factor κB) signaling in muscle of T2D or IR NDM, respectively.

A proposal for reference values of hand grip strength in women with different body mass indexes.

Objective: Hand grip strength (HGS) is frequently used in clinical practice, resulting in a potential marker of nutritional status. This study aimed to develop reference values of HGS in Italian women with different categories of body mass index (BMI). Additionally, the main predictors of HGS were identified.

Nutritional indicators and metabolic alterations in outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a retrospective study.

Purpose: In patients living with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), dehydration and haemoconcentration, may prevent a correct interpretation of laboratory nutritional parameters. Our study aims to evaluate if some indicators of disease severity, as body mass index (BMI), Phase Angle (PhA) and months of amenorrhea may be predictors of metabolic alterations (serum albumin, liver enzymes).

Methods: In 154 outpatients with AN, case history was collected, and anthropometric and laboratory parameters measured.

Long-Term Outcomes from a 10-Year Follow-Up of Women Living with a Restrictive Eating Disorder: A Brief Report.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate several socio-demographic and long-term clinical outcomes in a cohort of women living with a restrictive eating disorder.

Methods: Patients were asked to fill in a general data collection form aiming to investigate their current conditions and to attend the outpatient unit for a 10-year follow-up clinical and laboratory evaluation.

Results: Forty-four patients completed the follow-up general data collection form and 20 agreed to attend the outpatient unit for the 10 year-follow-up evaluation.

A and A adenosine receptors: The extracellular loop 2 determines high (A) or low affinity (A) for adenosine.

A and A adenosine receptors (ARs) are closely related G protein-coupled receptor subtypes, which represent important (potential) drug targets. Despite their almost identical binding sites for adenosine, AARs are activated by low (nanomolar) adenosine concentrations, while AARs require micromolar concentrations. In the present study, we exchanged the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of the human AAR for that of the AAR.

An Agonist Radioligand for the Proinflammatory Lipid-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR84 Providing Structural Insights.

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR84 is expressed on immune cells mediating proinflammatory and immunostimulatory effects. In this study, we prepared the fully efficacious, nonbiased GPR84 agonist 6-hexylamino-2,4(1,3)-pyrimidinedione () in tritium-labeled form ([H]PSB-1584) by hydrogenation of a hexenyl-substituted precursor with tritium gas. The radioligand was characterized by kinetic, saturation, and competition assays using membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells recombinantly expressing the human GPR84.

Dynamic changes of muscle insulin sensitivity after metabolic surgery.

The mechanisms underlying improved insulin sensitivity after surgically-induced weight loss are still unclear. We monitored skeletal muscle metabolism in obese individuals before and over 52 weeks after metabolic surgery. Initial weight loss occurs in parallel with a decrease in muscle oxidative capacity and respiratory control ratio.

Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition and Phase Angle in Anorectic, Ballet Dancers and Constitutionally Lean Males.

Background: The prevalence of anorexia nervosa among males is increasing but few data are available in the literature. This cross sectional study aims to evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) and phase angle as a marker of qualitative changes of fat free mass (FFM) in three leanness groups as compared with control subjects.

Methods: 17 anorectic (AN) males, 15 constitutionally lean (CL) individuals, 12 ballet dancers (DC), and 18 control (CTR) subjects were evaluated.

Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Dietary Intake in Italian Women With Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study.

Nutritional disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (AN) can shape the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short chain fatty acid (SCFA). This study aims to compare fecal SCFA along with dietary intake of women with restrictive AN (r-AN = 10) and those of sex-matched lean controls (C = 8). The main fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector.

Cost-Related Insulin Underuse Among Patients With Diabetes.

This survey study examines the association of higher insulin costs with nonadherence in patients with diabetes.

Exosomal proteins constitute an essential part of the human adipose tissue secretome.

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, secreting various adipokines, either directly or via extracellular vesicles, including exosomes. Exosomes are vesicles of 40-150 nm size that represent a novel concept of biomolecule release. We purified exosomes from isolated primary human preadipocytes differentiated to mature adipocytes.

Specific Hepatic Sphingolipids Relate to Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Objective: Insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have been linked to several lipid metabolites in animals, but their role in humans remains unclear. This study examined the relationship of sphingolipids with hepatic and peripheral metabolism in 21 insulin-resistant obese patients without (NAFL-) or with (NAFL+) nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 7 healthy lean individuals undergoing tissue biopsies during bariatric or elective abdominal surgery.

Research Design And Methods: Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with d-[6,6-H]glucose were performed to quantify tissue-specific insulin sensitivity.

Adenosine A receptor ligand recognition and signaling is blocked by A receptors.

The adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes A and A are rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors whose expression is highly regulated under pathological, e.g. hypoxic, ischemic and inflammatory conditions.

Prediction of body composition in anorexia nervosa: Results from a retrospective study.

Background & Aims: The assessment of body composition is crucial in evaluating nutritional status in female subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN) and improving their clinical management. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the accuracy of selected BIA (bioimpedance analysis) equations for fat-free mass (FFM) in female AN subjects and to formulate a specific equation for these subjects.

Methods: Eighty-two restrictive female AN subjects (age 20.

Identification of Novel G Protein-Coupled Receptor 143 Ligands as Pharmacologic Tools for Investigating X-Linked Ocular Albinism.

Purpose: GPR143 regulates melanosome biogenesis and organelle size in pigment cells. The mechanisms underlying receptor function remain unclear. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are excellent pharmacologic targets; thus, we developed and applied a screening approach to identify potential GPR143 ligands and chemical modulators.

Adequacy of nutrient intake in women with restrictive anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess energy and nutrient intake in a group of women with restrictive AN (r-AN) compared with a control group.

Methods: Thirteen r-AN patients and 13 healthy female controls completed 7-d food records. Intake of macro- and micronutrients was compared between the two groups as well as to the Dietary Reference Intake for the Italian Population (LARN) for specific ages.

Hematological complications in anorexia nervosa.

Background/objectives: Anemia, leukopenia and, although less frequently, thrombocytopenia are possible hematological complications of anorexia nervosa considered strictly secondary to chronic malnutrition. This is a retrospective study on the prevalence of these disorders in a large cohort of 318 female patients with AN (20.4±5.

Interaction between G Protein-Coupled Receptor 143 and Tyrosinase: Implications for Understanding Ocular Albinism Type 1.

Developmental eye defects in X-linked ocular albinism type 1 are caused by G-protein coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) mutations. Mutations result in dysfunctional melanosome biogenesis and macromelanosome formation in pigment cells, including melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium. GPR143, primarily expressed in pigment cells, localizes exclusively to endolysosomal and melanosomal membranes unlike most G protein-coupled receptors, which localize to the plasma membrane.

Role of extracellular cysteine residues in the adenosine A2A receptor.

The G protein-coupled A2A adenosine receptor represents an important drug target. Crystal structures and modeling studies indicated that three disulfide bonds are formed between ECL1 and ECL2 (I, Cys71(2.69)-Cys159(45.

Evidence of brown fat activity in constitutional leanness.

Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was considered essentially nonexistent in adults until recent evidence obtained using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography. It seems to play a role in whole body metabolism, but it has not been evaluated in underweight conditions, such as in young females with constitutional leanness (CL) or anorexia nervosa (AN).

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-eight subjects were evaluated from October 2011 to March 2012 : 7 CL (21.