CD226 adipose tissue macrophages arise from MDP-derived monocytes and regulate lipid metabolism.

Macrophages are innate immune cells present in all tissues, in which they participate in immune responses and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They develop either from embryonic precursors or from circulating monocytes, and their functions are in part dictated by their origin. We previously observed robust monocyte recruitment and contribution to the macrophage pool in brown adipose tissue.

French validation of the Stigma Resistance Scale in a sample of people with psychotic disorders.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate the Stigma Resistance Scale into French and to examine its psychometric qualities to measure stigma resistance in people with psychotic disorders.

Methods: The Stigma Resistance Scale was rigorously translated into French, involving translation, back-translation, and adjustments based on focus groups. The French version of the Stigma Resistance Scale comprises 20 items divided into five subscales measuring resistance to stigma at different levels.

Risk factors and prognostic value of endotoxemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: There is increasing evidence regarding the association between endotoxemia and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). During the acute phase of MI, endotoxemia might increase inflammation and drive adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. We aimed to explore the risk factors and prognostic value of endotoxemia in patients admitted for acute MI.

A novel fatty acid analogue triggers CD36-GPR120 interaction and exerts anti-inflammatory action in endotoxemia.

Inflammation is a mediator of a number of chronic pathologies. We synthesized the diethyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylphosphonate, called NKS3, which decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) not only in primary intraperitoneal and lung alveolar macrophages, but also in freshly isolated mice lung slices. The in-silico studies suggested that NKS3, being CD36 agonist, will bind to GPR120.

Inflammation and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetes patients with Advanced Carotid atherosclerosis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue and a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in T2DM patients has been associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Identifying molecular features of atherosclerotic plaques in T2DM patients could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.

Pneumococcal pneumonia and endotoxemia: An experimental and clinical reappraisal.

Background: Circulating endotoxins could result from bacterial digestive translocation during sepsis, thus contributing to uncontrolled systemic inflammation, leading in turn to organ dysfunction. We addressed this issue in the setting of severe pneumococcal pneumonia.

Methods: Endotoxemia was measured in a clinically relevant rabbit model of ventilated pneumococcal pneumonia and in 110 patients with bacteraemic pneumonia, using a patented mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection of 3-OH fatty acids (C10, C12, C14, C16 and C18), which are molecules bound to the lipid A motif of LPS.

Endotoxemia in Acute Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock: Evidence, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options.

Acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock are frequently occurring and deadly conditions. In patients with those conditions, endotoxemia related to gut injury and gut barrier dysfunction is usually described as a driver of organ dysfunction. Because endotoxemia might reciprocally alter cardiac function, this phenomenon has been suggested as a potent vicious cycle that worsens organ perfusion and leading to adverse outcomes.

Leukocyte cell population data in patients with cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass: A potential readily available tool to monitor immunity.

Purpose: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass triggers sterile inflammation that is responsible for post-operative morbidity. Automated flow cytometry devices used for leucocyte count provide cell population data (CPD) regarding fluorescence intensity, size and granularity of leukocytes that have never been studied in the context of sterile inflammation. Our objective was to explore leukocyte cell population data in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in order to determine whether CPD could be used to monitor immune cell activation.

Role of apolipoprotein C1 in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and diabetes: a systematic review.

Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1) is a small size apolipoprotein whose exact role is not totally clarified but which seems to modulate significantly the metabolism of lipoproteins. ApoC1 is involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by inhibiting the binding of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to VLDL-receptor (VLDL-R), to low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and to LDL receptor related protein (LRP), by reducing the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and by stimulating VLDL production, all these effects leading to increase plasma triglycerides. ApoC1 takes also part in the metabolism of high density lipoproteins (HDL) by inhibiting Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP).

Downregulation of Elovl5 promotes breast cancer metastasis through a lipid-droplet accumulation-mediated induction of TGF-β receptors.

Metastatic breast cancer cannot be cured, and alteration of fatty acid metabolism contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we were interested in the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 5 (Elovl5) in breast cancer. We observed that breast cancer tumors had a lower expression of Elovl5 than normal breast tissues.

High lipoprotein(a) levels predict severity of coronary artery disease in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. Data from the French RICO survey.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a well-recognized independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, limited data are available on the relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) burden and Lp(a) levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the severity of CAD according to Lp(a) levels from a French regional registry of acute MI.

Profiling of lipid mediators in atherosclerotic carotid plaques from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Background And Aims: Diabetes is associated with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis. Specific mechanisms related to diabetes and hyperglycemia may play a role in this process. In particular, alterations of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism have been reported.

Cholesterol and HIF-1α: Dangerous Liaisons in Atherosclerosis.

HIF-1α exerts both detrimental and beneficial actions in atherosclerosis. While there is evidence that HIF-1α could be pro-atherogenic within the atheromatous plaque, experimental models of atherosclerosis suggest a more complex role that depends on the cell type expressing HIF-1α. In atheroma plaques, HIF-1α is stabilized by local hypoxic conditions and by the lipid microenvironment.

The expanding role of lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 (LPCAT3), a phospholipid remodeling enzyme, in health and disease.

Purpose Of Review: The turnover of fatty acids (FAs) at the sn-2 position of phospholipids is mediated by the reciprocal actions of phospholipases A2 and lyso-PL acyltransferases (LPLAT). LPCAT3, a major LPLAT isoform, exhibits a strong specificity for polyunsaturated FAs s (PUFAs). Although the enzyme was originally studied in the context of cardiometabolism, recent investigations have shed light on the role of LPCAT3 in other tissues such as skeletal muscle and in unexpected biological processes such as cell death and oncogenesis.

New therapeutic horizons for plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP): Targeting endotoxemia, infection and sepsis.

Phospholipid Transfer Protein (PLTP) transfers amphiphilic lipids between circulating lipoproteins and between lipoproteins, cells and tissues. Indeed, PLTP is a major determinant of the plasma levels, turnover and functionality of the main lipoprotein classes: very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). To date, most attention has been focused on the role of PLTP in the context of cardiometabolic diseases, with additional insights in neurodegenerative diseases and immunity.

Increased Phospholipid Transfer Protein Activity Is Associated With Markers of Enhanced Lipopolysaccharide Clearance in Human During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of gram-negative bacteria, known for its ability to trigger inflammation. The main pathway of LPS clearance is the reverse lipopolysaccharide transport (RLT), with phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipoproteins playing central roles in this process in experimental animal models. To date, the relevance of this pathway has never been studied in humans.

Tumor-induced reshuffling of lipid composition on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane sustains macrophage survival and pro-tumorigenic activity.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display pro-tumorigenic phenotypes for supporting tumor progression in response to microenvironmental cues imposed by tumor and stromal cells. However, the underlying mechanisms by which tumor cells instruct TAM behavior remain elusive. Here, we uncover that tumor-cell-derived glucosylceramide stimulated unconventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses by inducing reshuffling of lipid composition and saturation on the ER membrane in macrophages, which induced IRE1-mediated spliced XBP1 production and STAT3 activation.

Brown adipose tissue monocytes support tissue expansion.

Monocytes are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Monocytes play a central role during inflammatory conditions and a better understanding of their dynamics might open therapeutic opportunities. In the present study, we focused on the characterization and impact of monocytes on brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions during tissue remodeling.

Muricholic Acids Promote Resistance to Hypercholesterolemia in Cholesterol-Fed Mice.

Background And Aims: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Although resistant to hypercholesterolemia, the mouse is a prominent model in cardiovascular research. To assess the contribution of bile acids to this protective phenotype, we explored the impact of a 2-week-long dietary cholesterol overload on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in mice.

Are adipokines the missing link between obesity, immune response, and outcomes in severe COVID-19?

Introduction: Obesity is commonly reported in COVID-19 patients and is associated with poorer outcomes. It is suggested that leptin could be the missing link between obesity and severe COVID-19. Our study aimed to unravel the link between adipokines, COVID-19 status, immune response, and outcomes in severe pneumonia.