Considerations for practical use of tree-based scan statistics for signal detection using electronic healthcare data: a case study with insulin glargine.

Background: Hypothesis-free signal detection (HFSD) methods such as tree-based scan statistics (TBSS) applied to longitudinal electronic healthcare data (EHD) are increasingly used in safety monitoring. However, challenges may arise in interpreting HFSD results alongside results from disproportionality analysis of spontaneous reporting.

Research Design And Methods: Using the anti-diabetes drug insulin glargine (Lantus®) we apply two different tree-based scan designs using TreeScan™ software on retrospective EHD and compare the results to one another as well as to results from a disproportionality analysis using SRD.

Consensus on relevant point-of-care ultrasound skills in General Practice: a two-round French Delphi study.

Context: Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become an important tool in the clinical practice of many specialties, but its use and impact in General Practice in France remains to be explored.

Objective: The objective of this study is to obtain a consensus among experienced French general practitioners on a list of relevant POCUS skills in General Practice in 4 anatomical regions.

Method: We used a two-round Delphi method to obtain a consensus.

Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector.

In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.

Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run.

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection.

Quantum Backaction on kg-Scale Mirrors: Observation of Radiation Pressure Noise in the Advanced Virgo Detector.

The quantum radiation pressure and the quantum shot noise in laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors constitute a macroscopic manifestation of the Heisenberg inequality. If quantum shot noise can be easily observed, the observation of quantum radiation pressure noise has been elusive, so far, due to the technical noise competing with quantum effects. Here, we discuss the evidence of quantum radiation pressure noise in the Advanced Virgo gravitational wave detector.

Rewards and Cognitive Control in the Human Prefrontal Cortex.

The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves cognitive control, that is, the ability to form behavioral strategies that coordinate actions and thoughts in relation to internal goals. Cognitive control involves the medial and lateral PFC but we still poorly understand how these regions guide strategy selection according to expected rewards. We addressed this issue using neuroimaging, computational modeling and model-based analyses of information flows between medial and lateral PFC.

Experimental evidence for circular inference in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex mental disorder that may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions and disorganized thinking. Here SCZ patients and healthy controls (CTLs) report their level of confidence on a forced-choice task that manipulated the strength of sensory evidence and prior information. Neither group's responses can be explained by simple Bayesian inference.

[French doctors working in Great Britain: a study of their characteristics and motivations for migration].

Background: As member states in the European Union now recognize the national qualifications of other member states, doctors will be able to move more freely within Europe according to the opportunities on offer and the constraints imposed by the different health-care systems. The aim of this study is to understand the reasons why French doctors choose to work in Great Britain.

Method: A self-completed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey among French doctors registered with the British Medical Council in 2005 who had done their studies in France and for whom the address was correct.

The relationship between aging, performance, and the neural correlates of successful memory encoding.

The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether age-related differences in the neural correlates of successful memory encoding are modulated by memory performance. Young (mean age 22 years; N = 16) and older (mean age 69 years; N = 32) subjects were scanned while making animacy decisions on visually presented words. Memory for the words was later assessed in a recognition test, allowing fMRI activity elicited by study words to be contrasted according to subsequent memory performance.

Effects of age on the neural correlates of retrieval cue processing are modulated by task demands.

The electrophysiological correlates of retrieval orientation--the differential processing of retrieval cues according to the nature of the sought-for information--were investigated in healthy young (18-20 years old) and older (63-77 years old) adults. In one pair of study-test cycles, subjects studied either words or pictures presented in one of two visually distinct contexts, and then performed a yes/no recognition task with words as test items. In another pair of study-test cycles, subjects again made recognition judgments, but were required, in addition, to signal the study context for each item judged "old.

Working memory, strategy execution, and strategy selection in mental arithmetic.

A total of 72 participants estimated products of complex multiplications of two-digit operands (e.g., 63 x 78), using two strategies that differed in complexity.

Regional specificity of age effects on the neural correlates of episodic retrieval.

We investigated age-related differences in episodic retrieval using a source memory procedure. Age-related differences in retrieval-related activity were analyzed in conditions where source recollection performance was statistically equivalent in young and older subjects. Analyses of BOLD activity revealed a network of regions where recollection effects were equivalent in magnitude in the two age groups.

Do working-memory executive components mediate the effects of age on strategy selection or on strategy execution? Insights from arithmetic problem solving.

Younger and older adults performed an inequality verification task (7+6 < 15, Yes/No?) in a control condition and in a dual-task condition where they simultaneously performed an executive-component task. Arithmetic-problem characteristics were manipulated in order to test strategy selection (i.e.

Arithmetic split effects reflect strategy selection: an adult age comparative study in addition comparison and verification tasks.

We tested whether split effects in arithmetic (i.e., better performance on large-split problems, like 3 + 8 = 16, than on small-split problems, like 3 + 8 = 12) reflect decision processing or strategy selection.

Age-related differences in arithmetic problem-verification strategies.

To test age-related differences in split and problem-difficulty effects, adults between the ages of 20 and 80 years (N = 138) performed a simple and a complex inequality verification task (e.g., 6 + 3 < 11, 271 + 182 < 458; true or false?).

Alzheimer's disease disrupts arithmetic fact retrieval processes but not arithmetic strategy selection.

Three groups of healthy younger adults, healthy older adults, and probable AD patients, performed an addition/number comparison task. They compared 128 couples of additions and numbers (e.g.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in children.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the indications and results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in children.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included six children (four boys, two girls) aged 2-16 years (mean, 9.5).

[Urinary tract abnormalities with prenatal diagnosis: neonatal management and outcome of 100 children born 1988-1990 at the Angers CHU (University Hospital)].

Unlabelled: Malformative uropathies diagnosed in utero are increasing in number. This work describes the decision strategy adopted in Angers concerning the neonatal handling of those abnormalities.

Patients And Methods: One hundred children born between 1988 and 1990, with prenatally suspected fetal uropathy, were included in the study and followed for a period of 3 years.

Modification of cefixime bioavailability by nifedipine in humans: involvement of the dipeptide carrier system.

We studied the action of nifedipine on the bioavailability of cefixime, a molecule absorbed via the gut wall dipeptide carrier system in the rat, and on the bioavailability of D-xylose, which is absorbed via a pH (and Na(+)-)-dependent transporter. Each compound was administered alone or in combination with 20 mg of nifedipine to eight healthy male volunteers. Nifedipine significantly increased the absorption rate of cefixime (20.

[Congenital dilatation of the prostatic utricle. Embryologic review, diagnosis and treatment. Apropos of 2 pseudo-tumoral cases, without hypospadias].

The authors report two pediatric cases of congenitally dilated prostatic utricle. First a newborn with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of abdomino-pelvic cystic mass and secondly a 4-year-old boy with urinary incontinence and lower abdominal mass. Unilateral renal hypoplasia was noted in both cases, but no hypospadias.

[2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis. 2 new pediatric cases of an unknown metabolic deficit. The use of extracorporal lithotripsy].

Inherited adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) has a recessive transmission. When it is very important, adenine can't be restored into nucleic acids pool and will changed into 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) by xanthine oxidase. To date in all countries but Japan, 2,8-DHA urolithiasis is observed only into homozygotic subjects with complete APRT deficiency Commonly, its onset is observed in childhood often dramatically.

[A severe form of juvenile polyposis coli].

The authors report a case of a life-threatening form of juvenile polyposis coli in a 7-year-old girl. The cure of this affection required a total coloproctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis.