Taste-Driven Responsiveness to Fat and Sweet Stimuli in Mouse Models of Bariatric Surgery.

A preferential consumption of healthier foods, low in fat and sugar, is often reported after bariatric surgery, suggesting a switch of taste-guided food choices. To further explore this hypothesis in well-standardized conditions, analysis of licking behavior in response to oily and sweet solutions has been realized in rats that have undergone a Roux-en-Y bypass (RYGB). Unfortunately, these studies have produced conflicting data mainly due to methodological differences.

The Tryptophan/Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Cross-Talk between Nutritional Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Taste of Fat.

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the orosensory perception of lipids in rodents and in some humans. Although bariatric surgery partially corrects this alteration, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To explore whether metabolic changes might explain this fat taste disturbance, plasma metabolome analyses, two-bottle choice tests and fungiform papillae (Fun) counting were performed in vertical sleeve gastrectomized (VSG) mice and sham-operated controls.

Multigenerational study of the obesogen effects of bisphenol S after a perinatal exposure in C57BL6/J mice fed a high fat diet.

Background: Bisphenol S is an endocrine disruptor exhibiting metabolic disturbances, especially following perinatal exposures. To date, no data are available on the obesogen effects of BPS in a mutligenerational issue.

Objectives: We investigated obesogen effects of BPS in a multigenerational study by focusing on body weight, adipose tissue and plasma parameters in male and female mice.

Diet-Induced Obesity Alters the Circadian Expression of Clock Genes in Mouse Gustatory Papillae.

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with a defect of the orosensory detection of dietary lipids in rodents. This dysfunction is not anecdotic since it might worsen the negative effects of obesity by promoting the overconsumption of energy-dense foods. Previous studies have highlighted a progressive devaluation of reward value of lipid stimuli due to a desensitization of dopaminergic brain areas in DIO mice.

[Visceral Larva Migrans: A pediatric case of atypical presentation with cutaneous vasculitis in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina].

Toxocariosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larvae from genus Toxocara sp. There are two classic syndromes described for this entity: visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans, depending on larvae localization. Human being behaves as an accidental host in which Toxocara sp.

[Atypical hand-foot-mouth disease virus genotyping in a pediatric hospital in Buenos Aires city, Argentina].

Typical hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an exanthematous viral disease with a classic symptomatology of fever, papulovesicular rash on the hands and feet with or without herpangina. It is usually caused by enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16, members of the genus Enterovirus. Recently, worldwide outbreaks of HFMD with atypical manifestations caused by Coxsackievirus A6 have been described.

A Preventive Prebiotic Supplementation Improves the Sweet Taste Perception in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Orosensory perception of sweet stimulus is blunted in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents. Although this alteration might contribute to unhealthy food choices, its origin remains to be understood. Cumulative evidence indicates that prebiotic manipulations of the gut microbiota are associated with changes in food intake by modulating hedonic and motivational drive for food reward.

A New Method for Studying Licking Behavior Determinants in Rodents: Application to Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Objective: An original device for exploring taste-guided reward behavior in rodents using a newly designed computer-controlled liquid delivery system equipped with "lickometers" is described.

Methods: This octagonal shaped "gustometer" is composed of eight shutters that give random access during a few seconds to eight bottles delivering different liquid stimuli. This original design, which forces the animal to move for access to the drinking source, allows a simultaneous analysis of the licking behavior and motivation to drink.

Cytogenetics and outcome of allogeneic transplantation in first remission of acute myeloid leukemia: the French pediatric experience.

We analyzed the impact of cytogenetics on 193 children enrolled in two successive French trials (LAME89/91 and ELAM02), who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation during CR1. Detailed karyotype was available for 66/74 (89%) in LAME89/91 and 118/119 (99%) in ELAM02. Several karyotype and transplant characteristics differed according to therapeutic protocol: unfavorable karyotypes were more frequent in ELAM02 (36% vs 18%), pretransplant chemotherapy included high-dose cytarabine in ELAM02 and not in LAME89/91, IV replaced oral busulfan in the conditioning regimen, methotrexate was removed from post-transplant immunosuppression, and matched unrelated donor and cord blood transplantation were introduced.

Genetic differences between paediatric and adult Burkitt lymphomas.

Dysregulation of MYC is the genetic hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) but it is encountered in other aggressive mature B-cell lymphomas. MYC dysregulation needs other cooperating events for BL development. We aimed to characterize these events and assess the differences between adult and paediatric BLs that may explain the different outcomes in these two populations.

Different outcome of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with translocation t(11;14) treated in two consecutive children leukemia group EORTC trials.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T cell lineage (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignant disease which accounts for 15 % of childhood ALL. T(11;14) is the more frequent chromosomal abnormality in childhood T-ALL, but its prognostic value remained controversial. Our aim was to analyze the outcome of childhood T-ALL with t(11;14) to know if the presence of this translocation is associated with a poor prognosis.

IKZF1 deletion is an independent prognostic marker in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and distinguishes patients benefiting from pulses during maintenance therapy: results of the EORTC Children's Leukemia Group study 58951.

The added value of IKZF1 gene deletion (IKZF1(del)) as a stratifying criterion in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is still debated. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the impact of IKZF1(del) in a large cohort of children (n=1223) with BCR-ABL1-negative BCP-ALL treated in the EORTC-CLG trial 58951. Patients with IKZF1(del) had a lower 8-year event-free survival (EFS, 67.

[Symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection through breastfeeding in a 45 days old boy].

Postnatal infection or acquired cytomegalovirus in the newborn is transmitted by maternal cervical secretions at birth, breastfeeding, blood transfusion or biological fluids. Breast milk is the main source of infection. Clinical manifestations depend on the gestational age and birth weight, premature and low birth weight newborn being more vulnerable.

[Bilateral thigh pyomyositis caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Primary pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle leading to single or multiple abscess formation. The etiologic agent most frequently identified is Staphylococcus aureus, principal emerging pathogen of invasive musculoskeletal infections in otherwise healthy children. It is important to maintain a high level of suspicion, since early diagnosis and effective empirical treatment may prevent progression to a more severe disease.

Dexamethasone (6 mg/m2/day) and prednisolone (60 mg/m2/day) were equally effective as induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the EORTC CLG 58951 randomized trial.

Dexamethasone could be more effective than prednisolone at similar anti-inflammatory doses in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In order to check if this "superiority" of dexamethasone might be dose-dependent, we conducted a randomized phase III trial comparing dexamethasone (6 mg/m(2)/day) to prednisolone (60 mg/m(2)/day) in induction therapy. All newly diagnosed children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the 58951 EORTC trial were randomized on prephase day 1 or day 8.

Constitutional and somatic rearrangement of chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Changes in gene dosage are a major driver of cancer, known to be caused by a finite, but increasingly well annotated, repertoire of mutational mechanisms. This can potentially generate correlated copy-number alterations across hundreds of linked genes, as exemplified by the 2% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with recurrent amplification of megabase regions of chromosome 21 (iAMP21). We used genomic, cytogenetic and transcriptional analysis, coupled with novel bioinformatic approaches, to reconstruct the evolution of iAMP21 ALL.

An intragenic ERG deletion is a marker of an oncogenic subtype of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a favorable outcome despite frequent IKZF1 deletions.

Oncogenic subtypes in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) are used for risk stratification. However, a significant number of BCP-ALL patients are still genetically unassigned. Using array-comparative genomic hybridization in a selected BCP-ALL cohort, we characterized a recurrent V(D)J-mediated intragenic deletion of the ERG gene (ERG(del)).

Chromosomal translocations involving the IGH@ locus in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 29 new cases and a review of the literature.

Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IGH@) are recurrent but rare in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), and various partner genes have been described. Here, we report a new series of 29 cases of BCP-ALL with IGH@ translocations. The partner gene was identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or molecular cloning in 20 patients.

Time from diagnosis to intensive chemotherapy initiation does not adversely impact the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), new strategies assess the potential benefit of genetically targeted therapy at diagnosis. This implies waiting for laboratory tests and therefore a delay in initiation of chemotherapy. We studied the impact of time from diagnosis to treatment (TDT) on overall survival, early death, and response rate in a retrospective series of 599 newly diagnosed AML patients treated by induction chemotherapy between 2000 and 2009.

Hyperdiploidy with 58-66 chromosomes in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia is highly curable: 58951 CLG-EORTC results.

The aim of our study was to analyze the factors contributing to heterogeneity of prognosis in patients with hyperdiploidy>50 chromosomes (HD>50), a group of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with favorable outcome. The 541 HD>50 patients registered prospectively in the 58951 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Children's Leukemia Group (CLG) trial, identified by karyotype (446 patients) and by DNA index (DI) (490 patients), had a 6-year event-free survival (EFS) of 89.0% (standard error [SE] = 1.