A Rare Head and Neck Tumor: Making Simple Things Complicated.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a very uncommon type of CD30-positive T-cell lymphoma, and it very rarely affects the forehead. We report the case of a 68-year-old male presenting with an ulcerative lesion on the right forehead, initially suspected as a benign condition. Fine needle aspiration suggested a lymphoproliferative disorder, with biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirming primary cutaneous ALCL (CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK]-negative).

Expression of EMT Markers Snail, Slug, and Twist and their Association with Known Prognostic Indicators of Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is trending its way as the most common cancer globally. Surgery remains the mainstream treatment modality. The gene expression signatures predict the prognosis in cancer patients.

Evaluation of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated IVS10 Mutation in Breast Cancer Along with Clinicopathological Parameters.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 2.26 million new cases diagnosed in 2020. The important genes associated include BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PTEN, TP53, and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM).

Achieving Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anesthesia (SOTA) care for all in South Asia.

South Asia is a demographically crucial, economically aspiring, and socio-culturally diverse region in the world. The region contributes to a large burden of surgically-treatable disease conditions. A large number of people in South Asia cannot access safe and affordable surgical, obstetric, trauma, and anesthesia (SOTA) care when in need.

Efficacy of intraoperative imprint cytology of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer.

Objective: The most important determinant of patient outcome in cases of breast carcinoma is the regional lymph node status. Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) allows the surgeon to perform axillary lymph node dissection in the same sitting if required. The commonly performed intraoperative methods for SLN evaluation are touch imprint cytology (TIC) and frozen section.

Diagnostic delays in breast cancer among young women: An emphasis on healthcare providers.

Despite advances in breast cancer care, breast cancer in young women (BCYW) faces unique challenges, diagnostic delays, and limited awareness in many countries. Here, we discuss the challenges and consequences associated with the delayed diagnosis of BCYW. The consequences of delayed diagnosis in young women - which generally varies among developed, developing, or underdeveloped countries - are severe due to a faster breast tumor growth rate than tumors in older women, also contributing to advanced cancer stages and poorer outcomes.

Role of tumor budding and fibrotic cancer stroma in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer with an increased frequency of lymph node metastasis at the time of presentation. Tumour budding, characterised by the presence of a single cell or a small grouping of tumour cells (a cluster containing fewer than five malignant cells) at the invasive front and composition of the fibrotic cancer stroma has been demonstrated to have a growing impact on the behaviour of the solid tumour. However exact role played by them is yet to be defined and a standardized scoring system needs to be incorporated.

Microbiome analysis of saliva from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and tobacco abusers with potential biomarkers for oral cancer screening.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer and accounts for about 95% of all head and neck cancers with high mortality, usually at a late stage. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiome can lead to chronic inflammatory responses and may predispose to the development and progression of OSCC. Tobacco abuse plays an essential role in oral microbiome dysregulation and OSCC pathogenesis.

Evaluation of Axilla With Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (Using Methylene-Blue) and Reverse Axillary Mapping (Using Fluorescein) to Validate Optimum and Safe Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer.

Introduction Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in node-negative axillae. In cases where the axilla needs to be dissected, one must dissect below the uppermost intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) to avoid damaging arm lymphatics. Methods One milliliter of methylene blue dye was injected around the areola.

ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF COL14A1, CELRS3, and CTHRC1 IN BREAST CANCER СELLS.

Background: Collagens, which are the major components of the extracellular matrix involved in the regulation of tumor microenvironment, could be differentially expressed in breast cancer (BC) with different transcriptome profiling.

Aim: To analyze the transcript level expression of COL1A1, COL5A1, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL12A1, COL14A1, CTHRC1, and CELRS3 genes and the clinical relevance of their differential expression in BC.

Materials And Methods: The transcript level expression of the genes was analyzed using the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in tumor tissue of 60 BC patients.

Determinants and Effects of International Remittances: Evidence from Ratnagiri District of Rural Maharashtra.

International emigration and remittance inflow is not a novel phenomenon for India. The present study examines the factors influencing emigration and size of remittance inflow. It also examines the effect of remittances on the economic wellbeing in terms of expenditure of the recipient households.

Acute Upper Limb Ischemia and Amputation Post Antecubital Fossa Cannulation: A Report of Two Postpartum Patients.

Upper extremity arterial thrombosis is less common than that in the lower extremity. Upper extremity arterial thrombosis, when present, is more likely to occur on the ulnar side of the circulation. Severe ischemia resulting from radial artery thrombosis is rare, but iatrogenic cannulation is the most common etiology when it occurs.

Proceedings of the 3rd Indian Cancer Genome Atlas Conference 2022: Biobanking to Omics: Collecting the Global Experience.

On January 13th and 14th 2022, the Center for Translational Cancer Research organized the virtual third Indian Cancer Genome Atlas (ICGA) Conference 2022 "Biobanking to Omics - Collecting the Global Experience." This conference was planned as the steppingstone to help ICGA understand the road ahead and the probable roadblocks in its preparatory phase as ICGA begins to streamline the tumor tissue biobanking and multi-omics efforts in the Indian subcontinent. The first day of the conference was dedicated to updates on the current status of ICGA, the future prospect, and the global understanding of multi-omics efforts.

Immunoexpression of claudin-4 and correlation with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-neu in breast cancer.

Background: Claudins are important transmembrane proteins in tight junction. The role of intercellular tight junctions in breast epithelial cells is traditionally thought to be in maintaining polarity and barrier function. However, claudin-4, a tight junction protein, is overexpressed in breast tumor cells compared to normal epithelial cells, which generally corresponds to loss in polarity and can provide valuable information about biology of the tumor.

A pilot multicentre cluster randomised trial to compare the effect of trauma life support training programmes on patient and provider outcomes.

Introduction: Trauma accounts for nearly 10% of the global burden of disease. Several trauma life support programmes aim to improve trauma outcomes. There is no evidence from controlled trials to show the effect of these programmes on patient outcomes.

Novel approach in the evaluation of ultrasound BI-RADS 3 & 4 breast masses with a combination method of elastography & Doppler.

Background & Objectives: : Ultrasound BI-RADS categories 3 and 4 constitute those breast masses which cannot be confidently classified as benign or malignant, owing to their morphological characteristics. These masses are further managed by follow up and biopsy, respectively. This study aims to evaluate the role of strain elastography and Doppler in better characterization of these sonographically indeterminate breast masses as benign or malignant.

Intraoperative Specimen Ultrasonography: Is It a Reliable Tool for Margin Assessment Following Breast Conservation Surgery for Breast Carcinoma?

Background: Assessment of margins after breast conservation surgery is an essential part of management in breast cancer and is important in prognostication of the patient. Various intra-operative techniques like frozen section and imprint cytology are in use to ensure negative margins but have their limitations in the fact that 3D evaluation is not feasible. These lead to false negatives and also are operator dependent.

Outcomes of Management of Patients with Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Prospective Study.

Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is the sudden onset of small intestinal hypoperfusion, which can be due to reduction or cessation of arterial inflow. It can be embolic or thrombotic. AMI is a potentially fatal vascular emergency, with overall mortality of 60%-80%.

Sliding Inguinal Hernia in a Case of Fournier's Gangrene: A Rare Case.

Fournier's gangrene and inguinal hernia, both are common diseases. However, inguinal hernia in a case of Fournier's gangrene is rarest of rare cases. Only one such case is reported in literature.

An Artificial Intelligence-Based Collaboration Approach in Industrial IoT Manufacturing: Key Concepts, Architectural Extensions and Potential Applications.

The digitization of manufacturing industry has led to leaner and more efficient production, under the Industry 4.0 concept. Nowadays, datasets collected from shop floor assets and information technology (IT) systems are used in data-driven analytics efforts to support more informed business intelligence decisions.

Robot Assistance in Dynamic Smart Environments-A Hierarchical Continual Planning in the Now Framework.

By coupling a robot to a smart environment, the robot can sense state beyond the perception range of its onboard sensors and gain greater actuation capabilities. Nevertheless, incorporating the states and actions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices into the robot's onboard planner increases the computational load, and thus can delay the execution of a task. Moreover, tasks may be frequently replanned due to the unanticipated actions of humans.

Study of Gene Expression Profiles of Breast Cancers in Indian Women.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. In India, the incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly during the last two decades with a higher proportion of the disease at a young age compared to the west. To understand the molecular processes underlying breast cancer in Indian women, we analysed gene expression profiles of 29 tumours and 9 controls using microarray.

Primary transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture using amplatzer atrial septal occlusion device: A study from tertiary care in South India.

Objective: The study investigated effectiveness of transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal rupture (VSR) using atrial septal device (ASD) occluder in a cohort of patients admitted at our institute.

Method: This was a retrospective, observational and single center study, which included patients who were treated with transcatheter closure for post-MI VSR at our tertiary care center between May 2000 and August 2014 depending upon inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30-days follow-up.