Effects of E-Cigarette (e-cig) Aerosols on Mutagenesis in Selected Organs in a C57 (BigBlue) Mouse Model.

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential mutagenic effects of the exposure of mice to aerosols produced from the component liquids of an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and ENDSs has increased tremendously over the past two decades. From what we know to date, ENDSs contain much lower levels of known carcinogens than tobacco smoke.

Key challenges in developing a gene therapy for Usher syndrome: machine-assisted scoping review.

Despite compelling empirical evidence demonstrating its efficacy, gene therapies for usher syndrome (USH) are not yet available for the patient's usage. This scoping review assessed the current scenario and analysed the challenges in implementing gene therapies for USH. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar through an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, MaiA, focusing on relevant publications from the last 10 years.

Mark3D - A semi-automated open-source toolbox for 3D head- surface reconstruction and electrode position registration using a smartphone camera video.

Source localization in EEG necessitates co-registering the EEG sensor locations with the subject's MRI, where EEG sensor locations are typically captured using electromagnetic tracking or 3D scanning of the subject's head with EEG cap, using commercially available 3D scanners. Both methods have drawbacks, where, electromagnetic tracking is slow and immobile, while 3D scanners are expensive. Photogrammetry offers a cost-effective alternative but requires multiple photos to sample the head, with good spatial sampling to adequately reconstruct the head surface.

The role of in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.

Previously, many studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). While CRC is a well-described disease, the relationship between its development and features of the intestinal microbiome is still being understood. Evidence linking enrichment in colorectal tumor tissue has prompted the elucidation of various molecular mechanisms and tumor-promoting attributes.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of ProTaper & Mtwo Rotary Retreatment System and Conventional Hand H-files for Removal of Gutta-percha from Root Canal - A Stereomicroscopic Study.

Background: Root canal retreatment aims to eliminate or substantially reduce the microbial load from the root canal and removal of previous root filling materials is the primary goal of nonsurgical retreatment.

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, and Hedstrom files along with Gates Glidden (GG) Drill by using a stereomicroscope for the detection of remaining gutta-percha after root canal retreatment using a stereomicroscope.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five test samples were divided into three experimental groups (15 samples each), such as Group A-ProTaper retreatment files; Group B-Mtwo retreatment files; Group C-Hedstrom files along with Gates Glidden Drill.

Assessment of Smear Layer Removal and Push-Out Bond Strength Efficacy of Traditional and Herbal Root Canal Irrigants Across Different Root Levels: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: Endodontic therapy requires meticulous root canal debridement, pathogen elimination, and effective obturation to prevent microbial intrusion. The presence of the smear layer hinders sealer penetration, compromising sealing effectiveness. Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine are esteemed endodontic irrigants.

The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning-A Literature Review.

This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiotherapy for cancer treatment. The importance of radiotherapy in cancer management and its time-intensive planning process make AI adoption appealing especially with the escalating demand for radiotherapy. This review highlights the efficacy of AI across medical domains, where it surpasses human capabilities in areas such as cardiology and dermatology.

Real-World Assessment of Personalized Approach With Voglibose Fixed-Dose Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) remains a complex aspect in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Indian population due to uncertainty in the optimal utilization of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) either as standalone therapy or in combination, whether initiated initially or as a sequential therapy.

Methods: This was a post-approval, observational, multicentric clinical study conducted at 50 centers according to principles of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) and Declaration of Helsinki and local ethics approval. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied for conclusion and categorical variables using SPSS version 29.

Prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins in bovine feed and feed components: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi and identified as contaminants in animal feed. They have potentially harmful effects, including carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and repro-toxicity in animals and humans. As a result of climate change, there is the potential for a change in the prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins in animal feed components.

Quantitative risk ranking of mycotoxins in milk under climate change scenarios.

Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that may occur in crops. Mycotoxins may carry-over into bovine milk if bovines ingest mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Due to climate change, there may be a potential increase in the prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins in crops.

Correction: Referral for Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Results of the Quality Outcome Project.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45024.

Referral for Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Results of the Quality Outcome Project.

Background Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) is an important comorbidity present in severe aortic stenosis (AS). The purpose of this study was to raise awareness of ATTR in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe AS among healthcare providers and patients. Methodology We reviewed 197 consecutive TAVR cases performed from 2019 to 2020.

A review on accelerated orthodontics.

When the duration of orthodontic treatment is shortened, the patient may have a number of benefits, including an increase in the number of dental cavities, root resorption, and gingival irritation, all of which are associated to a higher degree of decalcification. In addition to drugs, magnets, and other therapies, they include surgical methods (corticotomies, piezosurgery), mechanical/physical stimulation techniques (vibration, lasers), and other forms of therapy. These methods, each of which has been validated by extensive research, have been shown to reduce treatment times.

Current Therapeutic Trends for Tinnitus Cure and Control: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: The present scoping review assessed knowledge updates in tinnitus management. We included randomized trials, non-randomized studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies in last 5 years on patients with tinnitus using mnemonic. We excluded studies on tinnitus epidemiology, technique-specific comparative studies for tinnitus assessment, review articles, or case reports.

Gender Bias in Clinical Trial Enrollment: Female Authorship Matters.

Background: Despite initiatives to promote equal enrollment of human subjects in clinical trials, females continue to be underrepresented. The goal of this work is to determine if female enrollment in human clinical trials published in 3 high-impact journals from 2015 to 2019 is correlated with gender of first and/or senior authors.

Methods: Clinical trials published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were reviewed.

Evaluation and comparison of mechanical properties of platelet-rich fibrin membrane, fish collagen membrane, bovine collagen membrane and chorionic membrane - An SEM study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane with that of commercially available collagen membranes and chorionic membranes.

Materials And Methods: The modulus of elasticity and hardness of PRF membrane, bovine collagen membrane, fish collagen membrane, and chorionic membrane were assessed using a universal testing machine. The in vitro degradation rate was assessed by placing these membranes on a temperature-controlled shaker set for one week.

Bill shape imposes biomechanical tradeoffs in cavity-excavating birds.

Organisms are subject to physical forces that influence morphological evolution. Birds use their bills as implements to perform various functions, each exerting unique physical demands. When excavating cavities, bird bills must resist a range of mechanical stresses to prevent fracture.

A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate the Acceptance of Non-pharmacological Interventions to Control Anaemia among Adolescent Girls and Lactating Mothers in a District of Gujarat, India.

Background: To combat Iron deficiency anemia, an innovative pilot project, anemia prevention among adolescent girls and lactating mothers through nonpharmacological measures has been started at few places in Gujarat. To evaluate the acceptability of intervention kits provided to the beneficiaries.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study design where 182 beneficiaries were randomly selected for interview from 12 randomly selected Anganwadi centers of intervention taluka of Junagadh district.

Role of Perioperative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Objective: We aim to describe and highlight the current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treatment landscape, particularly focusing on the perioperative setting. We provide a comprehensive review of key trials of the use of ICI in the perioperative setting, discussing trial outcomes and limitations and reviewing the role of biomarkers.

Introduction: ICIs have recently been integrated into the treatment algorithm for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Bioremediation of bisphenol A found in industrial wastewater using Trametes versicolor (TV) laccase nanoemulsion-based bead organogel in packed bed reactor.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the toxic chemicals, which is widely used for manufacturing epoxy, polyester resin, and polycarbonates. These materials are extensively used in manufacturing of reusable bottles, baby bottles, dental sealants, various medical devices, and so forth. Moreover, canned and packaged foods are sources of bisphenol A, which is unknowingly consumed by many people worldwide.