Inhibition of platelet activation alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction via attenuating blood-brain barrier injury.

Cognitive dysfunction has become the second leading cause of death among the diabetic patients. In pre-diabetic stage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury occurs and induced the microvascular complications of diabetes, especially, diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD). Endothelial cells are the major component of BBB, on which the increased expression of CD40 could mediate BBB dysfunction in diabetics.

Feasibility of reconstructingpatient 3D dose distributions from 2D EPID image data using convolutional neural networks.

. The primary purpose of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) based algorithm that uses two-dimensional (2D) electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images and CT images as input to reconstruct 3D dose distributions inside the patient..

Diameter thresholds for pure ground-glass pulmonary nodules at low-dose CT screening: Chinese experience.

Background: Limited research exists on screening thresholds for low-dose CT in detecting malignant pure ground-glass lung nodules (pGGNs) in the Chinese population.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Guangzhou Lung-Care programme was conducted, retrieving average transverse diameter, location, histopathology, frequency and follow-up intervals. Diagnostic performances for 'lung cancers' were evaluated using areas under the curve (AUCs), decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivities and specificities, with thresholds ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm.

A Linear Rehabilitative Motion Planning Method with a Multi-Posture Lower-Limb Rehabilitation Robot.

In rehabilitation, physicians plan lower-limb exercises via linear guidance. Ensuring efficacy and safety, they design patient-specific paths, carefully plotting smooth trajectories to minimize jerks. Replicating their precision in robotics is a major challenge.

Impaired Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neuron GDNF Signaling Contributes to Perioperative Sleep Deprivation-Induced Chronicity of Postsurgical Pain in Mice Through Regulating Cholinergic Neuronal Activity, Apoptosis, and Autophagy.

Aims: This study investigated the roles of lateral basal forebrain glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling and cholinergic neuron activity, apoptosis, and autophagy dysfunction in sleep deprivation-induced increased risk of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in mice.

Methods: Sleep deprivation (6 h per day from -1 to 3 days postoperatively) was administered to mice receiving skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) to determine whether perioperative sleep deprivation induces mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity, increases the risk of chronic pain, and causes changes of basal forebrain neurons activity (c-Fos immunostaining), apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3 expression), autophagy (LC3 and p62 expression) and GDNF expression. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-GDNF was microinjected into the basal forebrain to see whether increased GDNF expression could reverse sleep deprivation-induced changes in pain duration and cholinergic neuron apoptosis and autophagy.

Correction to "-GlcNAcylation Facilitates the Interaction between Keratin 18 and Isocitrate Dehydrogenases and Potentially Influencing Cholangiocarcinoma Progression".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00163.

Association of pre-existing conditions with major driver mutations and PD-L1 expression in NSCLC.

Objectives: This study aims to explore how pre-existing conditions such as blood types, family history of cancer and comorbid diseases correlate with the genetic and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression that contributes to the heterogeneous biological behaviours of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 5507 NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection between January 2014 and July 2018 was studied. Targeted next-generation sequencing was used to detect mutations in nine pivotal cancer-related genes, and immunohistochemical staining was applied to assess PD-L1 expression.

Ultrahigh-reflectivity chiral mirrors based on the metasurface of the quarter-waveplate.

A study is conducted on a GaAs-based high-contrast subwavelength chiral metasurface (HCCM) designed for 1064 nm. The metasurface integrates a high-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG) for TM mode modulation, a SiO support layer, and a compact quarter-waveplate (QWP) to convert linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. The HCG achieves ultra-high reflectivity at 1064 nm, attributed to the large refractive index contrast between the Si grating and SiO2 layer.

White Matter Microstructure Alteration in Patients with Drug-Induced Parkinsonism: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics.

Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of how drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) affects the integrity of the white matter (WM) fiber microstructure as measured by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor image (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).

Methods: We recruited 17 participants diagnosed with DIP, 20 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and 16 normal controls (NCs) with a similar age, gender, and years of education. Subsequently, all participants underwent DTI magnetic resonance imaging scanning.

Chemical glycoproteomic profiling in rice seedlings reveals N-glycosylation in the ERAD-L machinery.

As a ubiquitous and essential posttranslational modification occurring in both plants and animals, protein N-linked glycosylation regulates various important biological processes. Unlike the well-studied animal N-glycoproteomes, the landscape of rice N-glycoproteome remains largely unexplored. Here, by developing a chemical glycoproteomic strategy based on metabolic glycan labeling (MGL), we report a comprehensive profiling of the N-glycoproteome in rice seedlings.

Hummingbirds rapidly respond to the removal of visible light and control a sequence of rate-commanded escape manoeuvres in milliseconds.

Hummingbirds routinely execute a variety of stunning aerobatic feats, which continue to challenge current notions of aerial agility and controlled stability in biological systems. Indeed, the control of these amazing manoeuvres is not well understood. Here, we examined how hummingbirds control a sequence of manoeuvres within milliseconds, and tested whether and when they use vision during this rapid process.

Optimization of working parameters of high-pressure roller mill based on entropy weight method and response surface method.

In order to improve the crushing efficiency of high-pressure roller mill and reduce energy consumption, the optimal parameter combination of high-pressure roller mill is sought, GM160-140 high-pressure roller mill is taken as the research object, and the discrete element simulation calculation model of high-pressure roller mill is established to simulate the crushing process. Taking the roll surface pressure, productivity, and the proportion of discharge particle diameter as the performance evaluation indexes, the simulation data are used to analyze the influence of each working condition parameter of the high-pressure roller mill on its performance law. Through the entropy weighting method to determine the weights of high-pressure roller mill productivity, roll surface pressure, the proportion of discharge particle diameter, and through the extreme difference analysis to get the optimal parameter combination.

Invited Review for 20th Anniversary Special Issue of PLRev "AI for Mechanomedicine".

Mechanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines different areas including biomechanics, mechanobiology, and clinical applications like mechanodiagnosis and mechanotherapy. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized mechanomedicine, providing advanced tools to analyze the complex interactions between mechanics and biology. This review explores how AI impacts mechanomedicine across four key aspects, i.

Inertial coupling of the hummingbird body in the flight mechanics of an escape manoeuvre.

When a hovering hummingbird performs a rapid escape manoeuvre in response to a perceived threat from the front side, its body may go through simultaneous pitch, yaw and roll rotations. In this study, we examined the inertial coupling of the three-axis body rotations and its effect on the flight mechanics of the manoeuvre using analyses of high-speed videos as well as high-fidelity computational modelling of the aerodynamics and inertial forces. We found that while a bird's pitch-up was occurring, inertial coupling between yaw and roll helped slow down and terminate the pitch, thus serving as a passive control mechanism for the manoeuvre.

Synergistic Effect of Polyurethane on Pore-Sealing and Lubrication of Microarc Oxidation Coating.

Microarc oxidation (MAO) is a widely used surface treatment technology. However, its processing inevitably leads to the presence of micropores, microcracks, and other defects in the MAO coating. These defects lead to suboptimal tribological performance and diminished corrosion resistance of the MAO coating.

The role of biophysical cues and their modulated exosomes in dental diseases: from mechanism to therapy.

Dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis have been common public health problems. Dental disease treatment can be achieved through stem cell-based dental regeneration. Biophysical cues determine the fate of stem cells and govern the success of dental regeneration.

Landscape of C-MET overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer: a large-scale study of clinicomolecular features and prognosis based on Chinese data.

Background: Real-world data on C-MET protein overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, particularly among the Asian Chinese population, are limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinicomolecular characteristics and prognosis of C-MET overexpression in Chinese NSCLC patients, focusing on those with positive C-MET overexpression (immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+).

Design: A retrospective and observational study.