Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.

Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as those experienced in American football, is linked to cognitive dysfunction later in life. Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is a proposed clinical syndrome thought to be linked to neuropath-ology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a condition associated with RHI from football. Cognitive intra-individual variability (d-CIIV) measures test-score dispersion, indicating cognitive dysfunction.

Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of NUP98-Rearranged Acute Leukemias.

Introduction: NUP98 rearrangements are rare in acute leukemias and portend a poor prognosis.

Methods: This study explored clinicopathologic and molecular features of five patients with NUP98 rearranged (NUP98-r) acute leukemias, including three females and two males with a median age of 34 years.

Results: NUP98 fusion partners were associated with distinctive leukemia characteristics and biology.

Single- versus two-test criteria for cognitive impairment: associations with CSF and imaging markers in former American football players.

 Cognitive impairment is a core feature of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the putative clinical syndrome of chronic traumatic encephalopathy-a neuropathological disease associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI). Careful operationalization of cognitive impairment is essential to improving the diagnostic specificity and accuracy of TES criteria. We compared single- versus two-test criteria for cognitive impairment in their associations with CSF and imaging biomarkers in male former American football players.

The 2024 American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert consensus document: Current standards in donor lung procurement and preservation.

Background: Donor lung procurement and preservation is critical for lung transplantation success. Unfortunately, the large variability in techniques impacts organ utilization rates and transplantation outcomes. Compounding this variation, recent developments in cold static preservation and new technological advances with machine perfusion have increased the complexity of the procedure.

Probing quantum floating phases in Rydberg atom arrays.

The floating phase, a critical incommensurate phase, has been theoretically predicted as a potential intermediate phase between crystalline ordered and disordered phases. In this study, we investigate the different quantum phases that arise in ladder arrays comprising up to 92 neutral-atom qubits and experimentally observe the emergence of the quantum floating phase. We analyze the site-resolved Rydberg state densities and the distribution of state occurrences.

Longitudinal single-cell profiles of lung regeneration after viral infection reveal persistent injury-associated cell states.

Functional regeneration of the lung's gas exchange surface following injury requires the coordination of a complex series of cell behaviors within the alveolar niche. Using single-cell transcriptomics combined with lineage tracing of proliferating progenitors, we examined mouse lung regeneration after influenza injury, demonstrating an asynchronously phased response across different cellular compartments. This longitudinal atlas of injury responses has produced a catalog of transient and persistent transcriptional alterations in cells as they transit across axes of differentiation.

Cohort and Gender Differences in Stability Over Five Years Among Mexican-Origin Caregivers to Older Adults Living With Cognitive Impairment.

The current study examines cohort (i.e., Generation X, Baby Boomers, and Silent Generation) and gender differences in the stability of Mexican-origin family caregivers over time.

Identifying representative sequences of protein families using submodular optimization.

Identifying representative sequences for groups of functionally similar proteins and enzymes poses significant computational challenges. In this study, we applied submodular optimization, a method effective in data summarization, to select representative sequences for thioesterase enzyme families. We introduced and validated two algorithms, Greedy and Bidirectional Greedy, using curated protein sequence data from the ThYme (Thioester-active enzYmes) database.

Genomic and Clinicopathological Characterization of CRLF2-Rearranged Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia.

Rearrangements of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 gene (CRLF2) are present in ∼50% of B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) with BCR::ABL1-like features. Herein, we report three patients with CRLF2-rearranged mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). All three cases were B/myeloid MPAL in young patients harboring P2RY8::CRLF2 or IGH::CRLF2 with additional genomic alterations in signaling (JAK and RAS) and cell cycle (CDKN2A/B) pathways, a genomic profile similar to that in BCR::ABL1-like B-ALL.

Rapid whole genome characterization of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens using long-read sequencing to identify potential healthcare transmission.

Objective: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can help identify transmission of pathogens causing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, the current gold standard of short-read, Illumina-based WGS is labor and time intensive. Given recent improvements in long-read Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing, we sought to establish a low resource approach providing accurate WGS-pathogen comparison within a time frame allowing for infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions.

Predicting Magnetic Barriers in Lanthanide Complexes with Electrostatic Potential Charges.

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) with slow relaxation of magnetization and blocking temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen are essential for practical applications in high-density data storage devices and quantum computers. A rapid and accurate prediction of the effective magnetic relaxation barrier () is needed to accelerate the discovery of high-performance SMMs. Using density functional theory and multireference calculations, we explored correlations between , partial atomic charges, and the anisotropic barrier for a series of sandwich-type lanthanide complexes containing cyclooctatetraene, substituted cyclopentadiene, phospholyl, boratabenzene, or borane ligands.

TGFβ signaling sensitizes MEKi-resistant human melanoma to targeted therapy-induced apoptosis.

The TGFβ signaling pathway is known for its pleiotropic functions in a plethora of biological processes. In melanoma, TGFβ signaling promotes invasiveness and metastasis formation. However, its involvement in the response to therapy is controversial.

Dysregulated alveolar epithelial cell progenitor function and identity in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder of endosomal protein trafficking associated with pulmonary fibrosis in specific subtypes, including HPS-1 and HPS-2. Single mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice display increased fibrotic sensitivity while double mutant HPS1/2 mice exhibit spontaneous fibrosis with aging, which has been attributed to HPS mutations in alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells. We utilized HPS mouse models and human lung tissue to investigate mechanisms of AT2 cell dysfunction driving fibrotic remodeling in HPS.

rearranged acute myeloid leukemia transformed from V617F mutated primary myelofibrosis.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with fusion is rare with largely unknown clinicopathological features and genomic characterization. We present one such case of AML transformed from V617F mutated primary myelofibrosis and review the literature on this topic. The immunophenotype and the landscape of cooperative gene alterations in AML with resemble those of AML with , including expression of CD19, cooperative gene alterations in signaling pathway (), epigenetic/chromatin and cell cycle regulation (, , and ), and additional chromosomal abnormalities (trisomies 8 and 15).

exhibits necrotrophic behavior when causing soft rot in ripe fruit.

is known for causing soft rot in fruit and vegetables during postharvest. Although it has traditionally been considered a saprophyte, it appears to behave more like a necrotrophic pathogen. In this study, we propose that invades host tissues by actively killing host cells and overcoming the host defense mechanisms, as opposed to growing saprophytically on decaying plant matter.

Pneumococcal Endocarditis, Sepsis, and Meningitis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Study.

BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon but serious cause of infective endocarditis (IE), particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with untreated HIV. When pneumococcal IE occurs, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the high prevenance of complications such as acute valvular destruction and septic embolization. Therefore, early recognition and prompt surgical intervention are paramount to improving outcomes.

An injury-induced mesenchymal-epithelial cell niche coordinates regenerative responses in the lung.

Severe lung injury causes airway basal stem cells to migrate and outcompete alveolar stem cells, resulting in dysplastic repair. We found that this "stem cell collision" generates an injury-induced tissue niche containing keratin 5 epithelial cells and plastic Pdgfra mesenchymal cells. Single-cell analysis revealed that the injury-induced niche is governed by mesenchymal proliferation and Notch signaling, which suppressed Wnt/Fgf signaling in the injured niche.

Fatal Exertional Heat Stroke Trends in Secondary School Sports From 1982 Through 2022.

Background: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a leading cause of secondary school sport-related death; however, a longitudinal analysis on observed trends is lacking. Our purpose was to describe EHS deaths in United States secondary school athletes since the 1982/1983 academic year.

Hypothesis: EHS deaths will be primarily represented by football athletes and have a stable or increasing trend across a decade-by-decade analysis.

Olfactory function is reduced in a subset of former elite American football players with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

Former American football players are at risk for developing traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the clinical disorder associated with neuropathologically diagnosed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The objective of this study was to determine whether hyposmia is present in traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. The study included 119 former professional American football players, 60 former college football players, and 58 same-age asymptomatic unexposed men from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project.

Magnetic kirigami dome metasheet with high deformability and stiffness for adaptive dynamic shape-shifting and multimodal manipulation.

Soft shape-shifting materials offer enhanced adaptability in shape-governed properties and functionalities. However, once morphed, they struggle to reprogram their shapes and simultaneously bear loads for fulfilling multifunctionalities. Here, we report a dynamic spatiotemporal shape-shifting kirigami dome metasheet with high deformability and stiffness that responds rapidly to dynamically changing magnetic fields.

Duration of Ice Hockey Play and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Importance: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHIs). Prior research suggests a dose-response association between American football play duration and CTE risk and severity, but this association has not been studied for ice hockey.

Objective: To investigate associations of duration of ice hockey play with CTE diagnosis and severity, functional status, and dementia.

Behavioral assessment of well-being in the naïve laboratory ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

Domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are an emerging model species in biomedical research. While behavioral studies are a critical translational tool for evaluating neurologic function in disease models and toxicology studies, there is a lack of ferret-specific behavioral assays and corresponding data on baseline behavior. Play behavior is a promising target for evaluation of psychological well-being, particularly because ferrets engage in solitary and social play well into adulthood.

Pairing a Global Optimization Algorithm with EXAFS to Characterize Lanthanide Structure in Solution.

-average sampling of structures from molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations can be used to predict theoretical extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) signals that closely match experimental spectra. However, AIMD simulations are time-consuming and resource-intensive, particularly for solvated lanthanide ions, which often form multiple nonrigid geometries with high coordination numbers. To accelerate the characterization of lanthanide structures in solution, we employed the Northwest Potential Energy Surface Search Engine (NWPEsSe), an adaptive-learning global optimization algorithm, to efficiently screen first-shell structures.