Development of Bayesian segmented Poisson regression model to forecast COVID-19 dynamics based on wastewater data: a case study in Nanning City, China.

Introduction: COVID-19 has caused tremendous hardships and challenges around the globe. Due to the prevalence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic carriers, relying solely on disease testing to screen for infections is not entirely reliable, which may affect the accuracy of predictions about the pandemic trends. This study is dedicated to developing a predictive model aimed at estimating of the dynamics of COVID-19 at an early stage based on wastewater data, to assist in establishing an effective early warning system for disease control.

Fungi, immunosenescence and cancer.

Fungal microbes are a small but immunoreactive component of the human microbiome, which may influence cancer development, progression and therapeutic response. Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with aging, including lymphoid organ remodeling, contributing to alterations in the immune system in the elderly, which plays a critical role in many aspects of cancer. There is evidence for the interactions between fungi and immunosenescence in potentially regulating cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME).

A Novel Oncolytic Virus Formulation Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Vesicles for Tumor Therapy.

Developing new drug delivery systems is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of oncolytic virus (OV) therapies in cancer treatment. In this study, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived vesicles and oncolytic viruses are exploited to construct a novel formulation. It has been hypothesized that vesicle-coated OVs could amplify cytotoxic effects through superior internalization by tumor cells.

A Lyapunov Optimization-Based Approach to Autonomous Vehicle Local Path Planning.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer significant potential to improve safety, reduce emissions, and increase comfort, drawing substantial attention from both research and industry. A critical challenge in achieving SAE Level 5 autonomy, full automation, is path planning. Ongoing efforts in academia and industry are focused on optimizing AV path planning, reducing computational complexity, and enhancing safety.

Spontaneous Catalytic Reaction of a Surfactant in the Interfacial Microenvironment of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles.

The performance of nanomaterials is significantly determined by the interfacial microenvironment, in which a surfactant plays an essential role as the adsorbent, but its involvement in the interfacial reaction is often overlooked. Here, it was discovered that citrate and ascorbic acid, the two primarily used surfactants for colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), can spontaneously undergo catalytic reaction with trace-level nitrogenous residue under ambient environment to form oxime, which is subsequently cleaved to generate CN or a compound containing the -CN group. Such a catalytic reaction shows wide universality in both reactants, including various carbonaceous and nitrogenous sources, and metal catalysts, including Au, Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pt, and Pd NPs.

High-Grade Follicular Cell-Derived Non-Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlating Extent of Invasion and Mutation Profile with Oncologic Outcome.

The 2022 World Health Organization classification introduced the term high-grade follicular cell-derived nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma (HGFCTC) to define invasive/infiltrative nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma with high-grade features, including poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Our objectives were to compare clinicopathological characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and mutation profiles among HGFCTC subgroups to better inform prognostication and treatment. In this single-center, retrospective cohort study of 252 patients who had surgery for HGFCTC from 1986 to 2020, we categorized HGFCTC and its related entity, "encapsulated noninvasive neoplasms of follicular cells with high-grade features," into five subgroups: (A) encapsulated noninvasive, (B) encapsulated with capsular invasion only (minimally invasive), (C) encapsulated angioinvasive with focal vascular invasion (VI), (D) encapsulated angioinvasive with extensive VI, and (E) infiltrative tumors.

Probing the synergistic effects of amino compounds in mitigating oxidation in 2D TiCT MXene nanosheets in aqueous environments.

The shelf life of 2D MXenes in functional devices and colloidal dispersions is compromised due to oxidation in the aqueous system. Herein, a systematic investigation was carried out to explore the potential of various amino compounds as antioxidants for TiCT MXenes. A range of basic, acidic, and neutral amino acids were examined for their effectiveness, where certain antioxidants failed to protect MXenes from oxidation, while others accelerated their decomposition.

Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes and immune therapy response with ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling-related genes, highlighting MORF4L1 as a promising target.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide, primarily due to delays in diagnosis and resistance to existing treatments. Recent research has identified ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling-related genes (ACRRGs) as promising targets for therapeutic intervention across various types of cancer. This development offers potential new avenues for addressing the challenges in HCC management.

Fabrication of novel pullulan/carboxymethyl chitosan-based edible film incorporated with ultrasonically equipped aqueous zein/turmeric essential oil nanoemulsion for effective preservation of mango fruits.

This study aimed to develop ultrasonically-assisted, alcohol-free, and noncorrosive aqueous zein/turmeric essential oil (TEO)-loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) to stimulate pullulan/carboxymethyl chitosan (P/CMCS)-based edible films for mango fruit preservation. The influence of innovative sonicated zein/TEO-based NEs (ZTNEs) as nanofillers on the physico-mechanical characteristics of the resulting P/CMCS edible films was investigated. A stable and well-dispersed ZTNE was achieved using 20 % zein with 10 min of ultrasound treatment, leading to a reduced droplet size (194.

Association of serum chloride levels with all-cause mortality among patients in surgical intensive care units: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

This study explores the association between serum chloride concentrations and all-cause mortality among patients in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). Employing a retrospective cohort design, the study utilized data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, specifically focusing on individuals admitted to the surgical/trauma ICUs. This dataset encompassed demographic profiles, laboratory findings, historical medical data, vital statistics, and variables pertinent to prognosis.

Efficacy evaluation of a minimally invasive surgical procedure (oblique lateral interbody fusion) for lumbar spinal tuberculosis-retrospective cohort study.

Objective: In the current study, to demonstrate the advantages of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF), we focused on the therapeutics for lumbar spinal tuberculosis with the comparison of three treatments, including anterior approach, posterior approach, and OLIF combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

Methods: This study included patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis from July 2015 to June 2018. We divided these patients into three groups: 35 patients underwent an anterior-only approach (Group A), 36 patients underwent a posterior-only approach (Group B), and 31 patients underwent OLIF combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (Group C).

STGAT-CS: spatio-temporal-graph attention network based channel selection for MI-based BCI.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) based on the motor imagery paradigm typically utilizes multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) to ensure accurate capture of physiological phenomena. However, excessive channels often contain redundant information and noise, which can significantly degrade BCI performance. Although there have been numerous studies on EEG channel selection, most of them require manual feature extraction, and the extracted features are difficult to fully represent the effective information of EEG signals.

Enhanced iodinated disinfection byproducts formation in iodide/iodate-containing water undergoing UV-chloramine sequential disinfection: Machine learning-aided identification of reaction mechanisms.

Restricted to the complex nature of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in various aquatic environments, the mechanisms of enhanced iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) formation in water containing both I and IO (designated as I/IO in this study) during the ultraviolet (UV)-chloramine sequential disinfection process remains unclear. In this study, four machine learning (ML) models were established to predict I-DBP formation by using DOM and disinfection features as input variables. Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm outperformed the others in model development using synthetic waters and in cross-dataset generalization of surface waters.

Development and validation of a risk assessment model for predicting the failure of early medical abortions: A clinical prediction model study based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: As the first model in predicting the failure of early medical abortion (EMA) was inefficient, this study aims to develop and validate a risk assessment model for predicting the failure of EMAs more accurately in a clinical setting.

Methods: The derivation cohort was obtained from a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. The clinically significant risk factors were identified and combined with their corresponding odds ratios to establish a risk assessment model.

Exosome-delivered NR2F1-AS1 and NR2F1 drive phenotypic transition from dormancy to proliferation in treatment-resistant prostate cancer via stabilizing hormonal receptors.

Cancer cells acquire the ability to reprogram their phenotype in response to targeted therapies, yet the transition from dormancy to proliferation in drug-resistant cancers remains poorly understood. In prostate cancer, we utilized high-plasticity mouse models and enzalutamide-resistant (ENZ-R) cellular models to elucidate NR2F1 as a key factor in lineage transition and ENZ resistance. Depletion of NR2F1 drives ENZ-R cells into a relative dormancy state, characterized by reduced proliferation and heightened drug resistance, while NR2F1 overexpression yields contrasting outcomes.

Zn and Cl Coregulated MXene Catalyst Enhances Li-CO Battery Reversibility.

MXenes are promising cathodes for Li-CO batteries owing to their high electrical conductivity and efficient CO activation function. However, the effects of adsorption and electronic structures of MXene on the full life cycle of Li-CO batteries have been rarely investigated. Here, we employ a coregulation approach to enhance the adsorption-decomposition of lithium carbonate (LiCO) by introducing Zn and Cl surface groups onto the TiC MXene (Zn-TiCCl) catalyst.

Microenvironmental G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-mediated glutamine metabolic coupling between cancer-associated fibroblasts and triple-negative breast cancer cells governs tumour progression.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive type of breast cancer, known for its lack of effective treatments and unfavorable prognosis. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen receptor, is linked to increased malignancy in various cancers. However, its involvement in the metabolic regulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a key component in the tumour microenvironment, remains largely unexplored.

Diameter thresholds for pure ground-glass pulmonary nodules at low-dose CT screening: Chinese experience.

Background: Limited research exists on screening thresholds for low-dose CT in detecting malignant pure ground-glass lung nodules (pGGNs) in the Chinese population.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Guangzhou Lung-Care programme was conducted, retrieving average transverse diameter, location, histopathology, frequency and follow-up intervals. Diagnostic performances for 'lung cancers' were evaluated using areas under the curve (AUCs), decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivities and specificities, with thresholds ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm.

Cooperative Regulation of s Lone-Pair Expression Realizes Distinct Excitonic Emissions in Hybrid Germanium, Tin, and Lead Halides.

Lone-pair expression is significantly influenced by geometric constraints in hybrid metal halides (HMHs). Two-dimensional (2D) HMHs possess reduced structural dimensionality, allowing for a wide range of off-center displacement of the metal center. However, the effect of lone-pair-induced off-center distortion on the geometric configuration of inorganic units, electronic properties, and exciton emissions in 2D HMHs remains unclear.

Micro-Injection Molding of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)/Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Composite Components.

CFRP exhibits a low specific gravity, good rigidity, and high strength and is widely used in the automobile, aerospace, and biomedical fields. Against this background, the demand for composite components prepared using CFRP and polymers has increased. The service life of composite components is closely related to the bonding strength between the CFRP and the polymer.

LINC01089 governs the miR-1287-5p/HSPA4 axis to negatively regulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Aims: The involvement of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation during osteoporosis (OP) development has attracted much attention. In this study, we aimed to disclose how LINC01089 functions in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenic differentiation, and to study the mechanism by which LINC01089 regulates MSC osteogenesis.

Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were performed to analyze LINC01089, miR-1287-5p, and heat shock protein family A (HSP70) member 4 (HSPA4) expression.

Application of CT images for reconstruction of adigital model of the sacral nerve canal.

Objectives: To construct a three-dimensional visualized model of the sacral nerve canal, and understand its structure and angles.

Methods: This was a retrospective study including 20 patients undergoing computerized tomography (CT) scanning of the sacrum. Consecutive CT images in Dicom format were directly imported into Mimics software.

The role of ATP6V0D2 in breast cancer: associations with prognosis, immune characteristics, and TNBC progression.

Objective: Researches have identified ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit d2 (ATP6V0D2) as a significant factor in various cancers. However, its prognostic value in breast cancer (BRCA) and its biological role in BRCA cells remain unclear.

Methods: In this research, we examined the varying expression levels of ATP6V0D2 in both BRCA and normal breast tissue by utilizing information derived from databases including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), along with clinical samples.

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus regulates apoptosis by targeting AIF1 and ASPP1 through tca-miR-3885-5p and tca-miR-3897-3p to promote infection.

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV) is a potential biocontrol agent for C. medinalis which is a major rice pest. However, its insecticidal efficacy is slow due to cell apoptosis.