Developing a risk prediction tool for lung cancer in Kent and Medway, England: cohort study using linked data.

Background: Lung cancer has the poorest survival due to late diagnosis and there is no universal screening. Hence, early detection is crucial. Our objective was to develop a lung cancer risk prediction tool at a population level.

Managing COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons - a brief review of literature and key lessons learnt.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, prisons faced a unique challenge of preventing and managing outbreaks with minimal adverse impact. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in prisons, identify lessons learnt and make recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors used the PubMed advanced search function using MeSH terms; (coronavirus, sars) AND (prisons) AND (disease outbreaks).

Botulinum toxin A as a treatment modality for acute acquired comitant esotropia - An Indian perspective.

Purpose: To analyze the outcomes of botulinum toxin A injection in acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE).

Methods: This is a retrospective study that included cases diagnosed as AACE between January 2022 and February 2023. Patients who were treated with Botox and completed a minimum 3 months follow-up were included in the study.

Child Opportunity Index and Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Insights From a Children's Hospital Serving Disadvantaged Communities.

Introduction: Initiation of Pavlik harness treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by 6 to 7 weeks of age predicts a higher rate of success. Child Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0 is a single metric designed to measure resources and conditions affecting children's healthy development.

Planning for healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Southeast of England: a system dynamics modelling approach.

Objectives: To develop, test, validate and implement a system dynamics model to simulate the pandemic progress and the impact of various interventions on viral spread, healthcare utilisation and demand in secondary care.

Design: We adopted the system dynamics model incorporating susceptible, exposed, infection and recovery framework to simulate the progress of the pandemic and how the interventions for the COVID-19 response influence the outcomes with a focus on secondary care.

Setting: This study was carried out covering all the local health systems in Southeast of England with a catchment population of six million with a specific focus on Kent and Medway system.

Biomarkers in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Monitoring of hormone replacement therapy represents a major challenge in the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In the absence of clear guidance and standardised monitoring strategies, there is no consensus among clinicians regarding the relevance of various biochemical markers used in practice, leading to wide variability in their application and interpretation. In this review, we summarise the published evidence on biochemical monitoring of CAH.

ADAD1 is required for normal translation of nuclear pore and transport protein transcripts in spermatids of Mus musculus†.

ADAD1 is a testis-specific RNA-binding protein expressed in post-meiotic spermatids whose loss leads to defective sperm and male infertility. However, the drivers of the Adad1 phenotype remain unclear. Morphological and functional analysis of Adad1 mutant sperm showed defective DNA compaction, abnormal head shaping, and reduced motility.

Immunotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Challenges and Prospective Outcomes.

Peritoneal metastasis, also known as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), is a refractory cancer that is typically resistant to conventional therapies. The typical treatment for PC is a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Recently, research in this area has seen significant advances, particularly in immunotherapy as an alternative therapy for PC, which is very encouraging.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip From Birth to Adolescence: Clear Indications and New Controversies.

It is important to be knowledgeable about the latest information on the diagnosis and the evidence-based management of developmental hip dysplasia and dislocation from birth through adolescence. The focus should be on the effect of the problem; normal growth and development of the hip joint; and the pathoanatomy, natural history, and long-term outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip, hip subluxation, and dysplasia. Many controversies exist in the management of this complex spectrum of disorders.

Persistent viral infections and their role in heart disease.

Viral infections are the culprit of many diseases, including inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis. Acute myocarditis cases have been described in scientific literature, and viruses, such as parvovirus B19, coxsackievirus B3, or more recently, SARS-CoV-2, were the direct cause of cardiac inflammation. If not treated, myocarditis could progress to dilated cardiomyopathy, which permanently impairs the heart and limits a person's lifespan.

Femoroacetabular impingement in ancient Nubia 1400-656 BC.

Introduction: There is significant recent interest in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in orthopaedics. The etiology of the cam deformity is unknown but has been hypothesized to be due to stresses from sporting activities in our modern society. Few archeological studies exist of femora and FAI.

Prospective evaluation of in situ screw fixation for stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Purpose: We aimed to determine which variables were associated with persistent symptoms or need for further surgery in patients treated with in situ fixation for stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis. We hypothesized that patients with greater proximal femoral deformity would require revision surgical intervention.

Methods: We prospectively collected data on stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients who underwent in situ screw fixation at a single institution.

Making every contact count: Can healthcare professionals do more to avoid preventable child deaths?

Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a responsibility and unique opportunities to identify and act on safeguarding concerns. Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews (CSPRs) are produced in the United Kingdom when a child has died or been seriously harmed, and abuse or neglect is suspected or confirmed. To our knowledge there is no recent systematic analysis of CSPRs from an HCP perspective.