Overweight and Obesity in People Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the BETTER Registry.

Aims: The prevalence and associations of overweight and obesity in Canadian adult people living with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) are poorly documented. In a cohort of PWT1D patients, this study assesses (i) overweight and obesity frequencies and associated PWT1D clinicodemographic characteristics, (ii) diabetes characteristics, and (iii) the use of noninsulin adjunctive agents.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from the BETTER registry: 1091 adult PWT1D (aged 44.

The effect of a pre-meal snack and/or postprandial exercise on breakfast glycemic excursion in adults with cystic fibrosis: A pilot study.

Background & Aims: Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD), a common comorbidity in CF, is often preceded and characterized with elevated postprandial glycemic (PPG) excursions. In the general population, the consumption of a pre-meal protein snack and/or physical activity (PA) hinder the elevation of PPG levels. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of a pre-meal snack and/or post-meal PA on PPG excursions in CF.

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes develops from a combination of insulin secretion defects and insulin resistance.

Aim: The relative contributions of insulin secretory defects and possible additional contribution of insulin resistance for the development of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) are poorly understood. We aimed to (a) determine which indices of insulin resistance predict progression to CFRD, and (b) to model the relative contributions of insulin secretory function and insulin resistance to predict the risk of CFRD.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and three individuals living with CF underwent a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test with blood sampling every 30 min at 12-24-month intervals until they developed CFRD or until the end of follow-up (up to 15 years).

Feasibility and accuracy of at-home glucose tolerance tests for cystic fibrosis related diabetes screening.

Background: Adult people living with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) undergo annual screening for CF-related diabetes. These tests represent a burden and can lead to undesirable effects resulting in low adherence. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare gold-standard in-hospital oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) with at-home options, and 2) evaluate acceptability of at-home options.

Free-Standing DNA Origami Superlattice to Facilitate Cryo-EM Visualization of Membrane Vesicles.

Technological breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) methods open new perspectives for highly detailed structural characterizations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic liposome-protein assemblies. Structural characterizations of these vesicles in solution under a nearly native hydrated state are of great importance to decipher cell-to-cell communication and to improve EVs' application as markers in diagnosis and as drug carriers in disease therapy. However, difficulties in preparing holey carbon cryo-EM grids with low vesicle heterogeneities, at low concentration and with kinetic control of the chemical reactions or assembly processes, have limited cryo-EM use in the EV study.

Association between cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator genotype and clinical outcomes, glucose homeostasis indices and CF-related diabetes risk in adults with CF.

People living with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) homozygous for F508del present more severe phenotypes. PwCF with compound heterozygous genotypes F508del /A455E and F508del /L206W may have milder cystic fibrosis (CF) phenotypes. We compared F508del homozygotes and common compound heterozygotes (F508del and a second pathogenic variant) in adult patients.

Exploring Technology's Influence on Health Behaviours and Well-being in Type 1 Diabetes: a Review.

Purpose Of Review: Maintaining positive health behaviours promotes better health outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, implementing these behaviours may also lead to additional management burdens and challenges. Diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring systems, automated insulin delivery systems, and digital platforms, are being rapidly developed and widely used to reduce these burdens.

A glycosylated hemoglobin A1c above 6% (42 mmol/mol) is associated with a high risk of developing Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes and a lower probability of weight gain in both adults and children with Cystic Fibrosis.

Objectives: The classical glycosylated hemoglobin A1c threshold of 6.5% is an insensitive screening test for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). We sought to identify CF-specific A1C thresholds associated with 1) risk of progression to CFRD and 2) changes in body mass index (BMI) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1).

Canadian Cystic Fibrosis-related Diabetes Clinical Practice Survey: Analysis of Current Practices and Gaps in Clinical Care.

Objectives: Our aim in this study was to identify challenges and gaps in Canadian practices in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), with the goal of informing a Canadian-specific guideline for CFRD.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of health-care professionals (97 physicians and 44 allied health professionals) who care for people living with CF (pwCF) and/or CFRD (pwCFRD).

Results: Most pediatric centres followed <10 pwCFRD and adult centres followed >10 pwCFRD.

Marginal association of fasting blood glucose with the risk of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.

Objectives: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) may be diagnosed by fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L following oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Insulinogenic index and early phase insulin secretion predict increased risk of worsening glucose tolerance and of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.

Objective: Measures of stimulated insulin secretion are emerging as important predictors of diabetes mellitus in at-risk populations. We analyzed the utility of clinical estimates of insulin secretion in a prospective cohort at risk for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD).

Methods: We divided the profiles of 189 people with CF (pwCF) followed longitudinally in the Montreal CF cohort (mean follow up 6.

Extracellular 20S proteasome secreted via microvesicles can degrade poorly folded proteins and inhibit Galectin-3 agglutination activity.

Proteasomes are major non-lysosomal proteolytic complexes localized in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Strikingly, high levels of extracellular proteasome have also been evidenced in the plasma (p-proteasome) of patients with specific diseases. Here, we examined the process by which proteasomes are secreted, as well as their structural and functional features once in the extracellular space.

Natural (dihydro)phenanthrene plant compounds are direct activators of AMPK through its allosteric drug and metabolite-binding site.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy sensor that coordinates the response to energy challenges to maintain cellular ATP levels. AMPK is a potential therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders, and several direct synthetic activators of AMPK have been developed that show promise in preclinical models of type 2 diabetes. These compounds have been shown to regulate AMPK through binding to a novel allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM)-binding site on AMPK, and it is possible that other molecules might similarly bind this site.

Technical reasoning bolsters cumulative technological culture through convergent transformations.

Understanding the evolution of human technology is key to solving the mystery of our origins. Current theories propose that technology evolved through the accumulation of modifications that were mostly transmitted between individuals by blind copying and the selective retention of advantageous variations. An alternative account is that high-fidelity transmission in the context of cumulative technological culture is supported by technical reasoning, which is a reconstruction mechanism that allows individuals to converge to optimal solutions.

Citizen science at public libraries: Data on librarians and users perceptions of participating in a citizen science project in Catalunya, Spain.

As libraries struggle to keep pace with the changing societal landscape, emerging practices such as citizen science (CS) initiatives are being incorporated to reinforce the idea of public libraries as gathering, meeting, and collaboration spaces within the context of shared community and shared learning resources. However, there is little empirical evidence of whether the most open and participatory ways that CS puts forward can converge with and be nurtured by the essence of public libraries. Also, the roles of librarians and users in the 'next generation public library' have been under-developed.

Small p53 derived peptide suitable for robust nanobodies dimerization.

Bivalent VHs have been shown to display better functional affinity compared with their monovalent counterparts. Bivalency can be achieved either by inserting a hinge region between both VHs units or by using modules that lead to dimerization. In this report, a small self-associating peptide originating from the tetramerization domain of p53 was developed as a tool for devicing nanobody dimerization.

Large-scale citizen science protocol provides high-resolution nitrogen dioxide values while enhancing community knowledge and collective action.

We present an already tested protocol from a large-scale air quality citizen science campaign (xAire, 725 measurements, see Ref. [1]). A broad partnership with 1,650 people from communities including 18 primary schools in Barcelona (Spain) provided the capacity to obtain unprecedented high-resolution NO levels.

Data set from large-scale citizen science provides high-resolution nitrogen dioxide values for enhancing community knowledge and collective action to related health issues.

Dataset from a large-scale air quality citizen science campaign is presented (xAire, 725 measurements, see Ref. [1]). A broad partnership with 1650 citizens from communities around 18 primary schools across Barcelona (Spain) provided the capacity to obtain unprecedented high-resolution NO levels which had in turn the capacity to provide an updated asthma Health Impact Assessment.

Large-scale citizen science provides high-resolution nitrogen dioxide values and health impact while enhancing community knowledge and collective action.

We present outcomes from a large-scale air quality citizen science campaign (xAire, 725 measurements) to demonstrate its positive contribution in the interplay between advances in exposure assessment and developments in policy or collective action. A broad partnership with 1,650 people from communities around 18 primary schools across Barcelona provided the capacity to obtain unprecedented high-resolution NO levels and an updated asthma Health Impact Assessment. It is shown that NO levels vary considerably with at some cases very high levels.

Melanotransferrin is efficiently sorted on the surface of exosomes secreted by melanoma cells.

Cutaneous melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Early detection is crucial to improve the outcome of melanoma patients. The identification of noninvasive prognostic biomarkers for the follow-up of melanoma patients is still in demand for clinical use.

Compound- and fiber type-selective requirement of AMPKγ3 for insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

Objective: The metabolic master-switch AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle and regulates the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue (BAT). The regulatory AMPKγ3 isoform is uniquely expressed in skeletal muscle and potentially in BAT. Herein, we investigated the role that AMPKγ3 plays in mediating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose clearance in response to small-molecule activators that act on AMPK via distinct mechanisms.

Peak glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test is associated with future diabetes risk in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Aims/hypothesis: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) affects up to 50% of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and its presence is associated with adverse effects on nutritional status and pulmonary function. Early diagnosis could minimise CFRD morbidity, yet current methods of an OGTT at 0 and 2 h yield unreliable results. Our aim was to determine which indices from a 2 h OGTT with sampling every 30 min might improve prediction of CFRD.