Private, non-profit, and plantation: Oil palm smallholders in management-assistance programs vary in socio-demographics, attitudes, and management practices.

Smallholder farmers produce over 40% of global palm oil, the world's most traded and controversial vegetable oil. Awareness of the effects of palm oil production on ecosystems and human communities has increased drastically in recent years, with ever louder calls for the private and public sector to develop programs to support sustainable cultivation by smallholder farmers. To effectively influence smallholder practices and ensure positive social outcomes, such schemes must consider the variety in perspectives of farmers and align with their priorities.

Study of the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection, includes over 200 types, some linked to genital warts and various cancers, including cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. In Saudi Arabia, an estimated 10.7 million women aged 15 years and older are at risk of HPV-related cervical cancer.

HIV OctaScanner: A Machine Learning Approach to Unveil Proteolytic Cleavage Dynamics in HIV-1 Protease Substrates.

The rise of resistance to antiretroviral drugs due to mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease is a major obstacle to effective treatment. These mutations alter the drug-binding pocket of the protease and reduce the drug efficacy by disrupting interactions with inhibitors. Traditional methods, such as biochemical assays and structural biology, are crucial for studying enzyme function but are time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Molecular and genetic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to pose significant challenges in healthcare settings due to its multi-drug resistance (MDR) and virulence. This retrospective study examines the molecular and resistance profiles of MRSA isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia, providing valuable insights into regional epidemiology. A total of 190 MRSA strains were analysed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, genetic diversity, and virulence factors.

Evaluating the Binding Potential and Stability of Drug-like Compounds with the Monkeypox Virus VP39 Protein Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free Energy Analysis.

Monkeypox is a re-emerging viral disease with features of infectiously transmitted zoonoses. It is now considered a public health priority because of its rising incidence and transmission from person to person. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) VP39 protein is identified as an essential protein for replication of the virus, and therefore, it is a potential target for antiviral drugs.

The Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks of Duloxetine Use in Older Adults: A Retrospective Medical Record-Based Adverse Drug Reaction Assessment.

Duloxetine, a Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI), is frequently used to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy, depression, and fibromyalgia. However, its long-term cardiovascular implications in older individuals remain underexplored, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. This medical record assessment aimed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular risks of duloxetine use in older persons after prolonged use.

Decoding the Genes Orchestrating Egg and Sperm Fusion Reactions and Their Roles in Fertility.

Mammalian fertilization is a complex and highly regulated process that has garnered significant attention, particularly with advancements in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). The fusion of egg and sperm involves a sequence of molecular and cellular events, including capacitation, the acrosome reaction, adhesion, and membrane fusion. Critical genetic factors, such as IZUMO1, JUNO (also known as FOLR4), CD9, and several others, have been identified as essential mediators in sperm-egg recognition and membrane fusion.

Structural and Functional Insights into UDGs.

Endogenous or exogenous DNA damage needs to be repaired, therefore, cells in all the three domains have repair pathways to maintain the integrity of their genetic material. Uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs), also known as UNGs (uracil-DNA N-glycosylases), are part of the base-excision repair (BER) pathway. These enzymes specifically remove uracil from DNA molecules by cleaving the glycosidic bond between the uracil base and the deoxyribose sugar.

Effect of Three Different Daily Protein Intakes in a Two-Meal Eating Pattern on Protein Turnover in Middle Age and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Reduced meal frequency patterns have become popular for weight loss, maintenance, and improving cardiometabolic health. The extended fasting windows with these dietary patterns could lead to greater protein breakdown, which is a concern for middle-age and older adults who may need higher protein intakes to maintain or increase net protein balance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to three different daily protein intakes within a two-meal eating pattern.

The psychometric properties of the EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S in patients with breast cancer: a comparative analysis with EQ-5D-5L, FACT-8D and SWEMWBS.

Objectives: The EQ Health and Well Being is a new generic measure that captures constructs beyond health-related quality of life, with a 25-item long form (EQ-HWB) and a shorter 9-item version (EQ-HWB-S). This study aims to assess the psychometric performance of both versions in breast cancer, which is the most prevalent cancer globally, and compare them to other instruments.

Methods: A longitudinal survey in Indonesia (2023-24) with 300 female patients used the EQ-HWB, EQ-5D-5L, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G, from which FACT-8D was derived), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS, from which SWEMWBS was derived).

Effect of Androgen receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Given Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that does not express the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), or the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC has limited treatment targets, including the androgen receptor (AR). However, the therapeutic strategies-based AR expression in TNBC remains uncertain.

Foliar applied calcium chloride alleviated drought stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by improving growth and yield contributing traits and antioxidant activity.

Drought-induced stress presents a substantial threat as it disrupts the normal growth of cereal crops and leads to decreased yields. The persistent occurrence of drought conditions significantly impacts the growth and development of pearl millet. This study aimed to explore how calcium chloride (CaCl2) regulates the growth of pearl millet when it faces a lack of water.

Comparative transcriptome analysis and functional verification revealed that GhSAP6 negatively regulates salt tolerance in upland cotton.

Owing to the scarcity of cultivable land in China, the agricultural sector is primarily focused on grain and oil crops. Simultaneously, the cultivation of cotton has gradually shifted towards regions characterized by elevated soil salinity levels. Additionally, the mechanism behind cotton's ability to tolerate salt remains elusive.

Trimethylamine N-oxide in cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiology and the potential role of statins.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with the total number of cases increasing to 523 million in 2019. Despite the advent of new drugs, cardiovascular mortality has increased at an alarming rate of 53.7 % from 12.

An interplay of salt and Ni stress on contrasting tomato ( L.) genotypes: a physiological and biochemical insight.

The concurrently occurring multiple abiotic stresses like salinity and heavy metals (Nickel) pose a serious threat to plant survival and food security worldwide, especially in the face of climate change. Therefore, it is imperative to continuously test and study the plant's physiological changes under combinations of abiotic stresses to ensure sustainability and food security. An experiment was conducted to study the interactive effects of salinity (0, 7.

Does Tourniquet Use Impact Early Patient Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty?

Introduction Tourniquets are commonly used when performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce intra-operative blood loss, improve surgical field visibility, and potentially improve cement penetration during prosthesis implantation. However, they may be associated with increased thigh pain, postoperative opiate use, and longer lengths of hospital stay. Methods Retrospectively collected data was obtained from our institution's electronic patient records and database.

Spatial patterns of colorectal cancer survival rates in Malaysia, 2013-2018.

Background: Large geographical variations in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates have been reported across regions. Poorer survival rates were mainly found in socioeconomically deprived areas, highly dense areas, and areas lacking healthcare accessibility. The objective of this study was to identify, compare, and contrast the spatial patterns of 5-year CRC-specific survival rates and identify high-priority areas by districts in Malaysia.

Machine learning-aided identification of natural compounds targeting Marburg virus VP40 with potential antiviral activity.

Marburg virus infection poses a significant threat to humans due to its high fatality rate. The application of in-silico drug design to target the essential protein target of the virus has been proven to be a fundamental technique to inhibit viral growth. Here, VP40 (a matrix protein) was used as an essential protein target of Marburg, and 2569 natural compounds were screened using the molecular docking and neural network-based DeepPurpose architecture.