Kidney dysfunction requiring dialysis is a heterogeneous syndrome: we should treat it like one.

Purpose Of Review: Advanced kidney failure requiring dialysis, commonly labeled end-stage kidney disease or chronic kidney disease stage 5D, is a heterogeneous syndrome -a key reason that may explain why: treating advanced kidney dysfunction is challenging and many clinical trials involving patients on dialysis have failed, thus far. Treatment with dialytic techniques - of which maintenance thrice-weekly hemodialysis is most commonly used - is broadly named kidney 'replacement' therapy, a term that casts the perception of a priori abandonment of intrinsic kidney function and subsumes patients into a single, homogeneous group.

Recent Findings: Patients with advanced kidney failure necessitating dialytic therapy may have ongoing endogenous kidney function, and differ in their clinical manifestations and needs.

Pathogenic indiarrhoeal patients, fish and aquatic environments and their potential for inter-source transmission.

The role of in causing diarrhoeal disease is well known. However, phenotypic and genetic traits of this pathogen isolated from diverse sources have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we have screened samples from diarrhoeal cases (2603), brackish water fish (301) and aquatic environments (115) and identified in 29 (1.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterisation of E. coli from poultry in Eastern India.

In this study 252 poultry samples comprised of poultry meat (n = 228) and poultry eggs (n = 24) were screened for the isolation of Escherichia coli (E. coli). A total of 62 E.

Immunization with Salmonella Abortusequi phage lysate protects guinea pig against the virulent challenge of SAE-742.

Salmonella Abortusequi causes important clinical diseases in horses possibly leading to abortion. In the present investigation, the protective efficacy of both plain and aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvanted phage lysate was evaluated in guinea pig model. Broad host range bacteriophage P-SAE-2, was characterized and used for generation of lysates.

Prevalence of in captive wildlife species of India.

Campylobacteriosis is an important zoonotic disease and the prevalence of Campylobacter is largely unknown in the wildlife of India. A total of 370 samples, comprising of 314 fresh faecal samples from apparently healthy captive wild animals and birds, 30 stool swabs from animal care takers and 26 samples of the animals' food and water were collected from G. B.

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant skin and nasal carriage isolates from bovines and its antibiogram.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in cattle and buffalo and to study their antibiotic resistance pattern.

Materials And Methods: A total of 136 samples (skin and nasal swab) from cattle and buffalo were collected. MRSA was identified by conventional bacterial culture techniques which were further confirmed by amplification of -specific 16S rRNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Hepatic subcapsular hematoma: two neonates with disparate presentations.

Subcapsular hematoma of the liver rarely occurs in neonates and the diagnosis is often missed or delayed. We report two babies who had this uncommon condition in the early neonatal period. In the first baby, the hematoma was associated with ventouse delivery and presented with abdominal distension and worsening jaundice.

A dancer with an unusual cause of neck pain.

A girl presented with a dull ache in the neck and mild difficulty in neck movements. She had limited clinical signs and her initial work up failed to reveal the cause. With the help of imaging modalities and CT guided needle biopsy, she was diagnosed to have an eosinophilic granuloma of the fifth cervical vertebra.

Unilateral internal jugular phlebectasia.

Jugular phlebectasia is a rare cause of cervical swelling in children. It is a fusiform dilatation of any part of the jugular venous system and can involve the external, internal or anterior jugular veins. Previous reports suggest that the entity is often ignored or misdiagnosed.

Bilateral benign haemorrhagic adrenal cysts in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: case report.

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is the most common overgrowth malformation syndrome. The classical features include macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele and ear lobe anomalies. Among the associated adrenal anomalies, foetal cortical cytomegaly, outer cortical haemorrhage and unilateral benign cysts are well described.

Fulminant citrobacter meningitis with multiple periventricular abscesses in a three-month-old infant.

Citrobacter, a Gram-negative enteric bacillus, is a rare cause of septicemia and meningitis, seldom reported beyond the neonatal period. It is characterized by a fulminant clinical course and a high incidence of complications, including brain abscesses. We studied a three-month-old infant with Citrobacter meningitis, who developed acute communicating hydrocephalus and multiple periventricular brain abscesses while on treatment.