Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dog Bite and Its Management: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Rural Field Practice Area of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna.

Introduction: Rabies continues to be a significant concern in India, with lots of deaths reported annually. Approximately one million people undergo post-exposure prophylaxis treatment annually, despite nearly two million dog bites occurring across the country. Notably, dogs are responsible for more than 99% of these bites.

Prophylactic ablation during cardiac surgery in patients without atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation is the most common complication of cardiac surgery and occurs frequently in patients without a history of the arrhythmia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess whether prophylactic ablation during cardiac surgery in patients without a history of atrial fibrillation prevents atrial fibrillation.

Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase from inception to August 2024.

Shorter vs. standard-duration antibiotic therapy for nocardiosis: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The prolonged treatment recommended for nocardiosis does not rely on strong evidence. Consequently, some clinicians opt shorter therapy in certain circumstances. We assessed the effectiveness of shorter therapy.

Unraveling microbial landscapes: high-throughput amplicon sequencing reveals distinct bacterial communities and potential health risks in potable springs of the Indian Himalayas.

Spring water is a vital drinking resource for residents in the Eastern Himalayas' Sikkim, India. While our initial investigations into spring water quality highlighted concerning levels of fecal coliform bacteria, the bacterial community composition (BCC) of these springs remains largely unexplored. This study sought to elucidate the BCC of Himalayan spring water, exploring its effects on water quality and delving into the unique bacterial ecology of these high-altitude springs.

The commitment of the human cell atlas to humanity.

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) is a global partnership "to create comprehensive reference maps of all human cells-the fundamental units of life - as a basis for both understanding human health and diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease." ( https://www.humancellatlas.

Catheter Ablation or Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Ventricular Tachycardia.

Background: Patients with ventricular tachycardia and ischemic cardiomyopathy are at high risk for adverse outcomes. Catheter ablation is commonly used when antiarrhythmic drugs do not suppress ventricular tachycardia. Whether catheter ablation is more effective than antiarrhythmic drugs as a first-line therapy in patients with ventricular tachycardia is uncertain.

'TLDetect': AI-Based Application for Detection and Correction of Anomalous TLD Glow Curves.

This research reviews a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based application called TLDetect, which filters and classifies anomalous glow curves (GCs) of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Until recently, GC review and correction in the lab were performed using an old in-house software, which uses the Microsoft Access database and allows the laboratory technician to manually review and correct almost all GCs without any filtering. The newly developed application TLDetect uses a modern SQL database and filters out only the necessary GCs for technician review.

The Impact of FDA-Approved Novel Agents for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft vs. Host Disease on Treatment Patterns and Outcomes-A Single-Center Longitudinal Cohort Analysis.

-chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze advances in treatment strategy and outcomes during the last decade due to the incorporation of novel immunosuppressive therapy (IST) drugs in the armamentarium.

Case Report: A Novel Virulent Clinical Isolate of Burkholderia pseudomallei Imported from Thailand Exhibiting Resistance to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole.

We present the investigation of a Burkholderia pseudomallei strain isolated from the urine of a 56-year-old male returning from a recreational trip to Thailand. The patient initially presented with fever and chills, and lobar as well as bladder and prostate involvement was demonstrated on imaging. Treatment first involved trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the backbone of melioidosis therapy, but was discontinued upon the discovery of resistance to the drug through antimicrobial sensitivity testing via broth microdilution.

Integrating priorities at the intersection of cancer and neuroscience.

Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward.

Using Rheology and Image Processing to Study the Effects of Cellulose Nanocrystal Sedimentation.

The effect of sedimentation on lyotropic liquid crystalline dispersions is both an interesting subject in colloidal science and is of practical importance for understanding changes that can occur during dispersion storage. This research explored how the seemingly subtle changes in average length resulting from a single sedimentation step affected the rheological properties and self-assembly of aqueous dispersions of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals. Sedimentation of a primarily isotropic aqueous cellulose nanocrystal dispersion for 1 month at ambient conditions resulted in an isotropic top phase and a biphasic bottom phase, which were separated for further study.

Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Radiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Results in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Tumors.

Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer (EC) is an inflamed phenotype with poor outcomes when meeting high-risk criteria and limited treatment options in the adjuvant setting. We report protocol-prespecified subgroup analysis of patients with dMMR tumors from the phase III ENGOT-en11/GOG-3053/KEYNOTE-B21 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04634877) in newly diagnosed, high-risk EC after surgery with curative intent.

Pediatric Conditions and Platforms of Telemedicine Used in Philippine Primary Care: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background And Objective: Inequity in access to healthcare continues to be a problem in the Philippines. This was further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine is considered a potential strategy to address inequitable access to healthcare; however, it only gained popularity during the pandemic.

Tumor-infiltrating nerves functionally alter brain circuits and modulate behavior in a mouse model of head-and-neck cancer.

Cancer patients often experience changes in mental health, prompting an exploration into whether nerves infiltrating tumors contribute to these alterations by impacting brain functions. Using a mouse model for head and neck cancer and neuronal tracing, we show that tumor-infiltrating nerves connect to distinct brain areas. The activation of this neuronal circuitry altered behaviors (decreased nest-building, increased latency to eat a cookie, and reduced wheel running).

Risk factors and correlates of protection against XBB SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers.

Correlates of protection for recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have not been determined. In this test-negative case-control study, we report lower odds of infection with XBB variants among those boosted during the last six months. Additionally, we demonstrate that XBB-specific neutralizing antibodies are independent correlates of protection.

Targeting the peripheral neural-tumour microenvironment for cancer therapy.

As the field of cancer neuroscience expands, the strategic targeting of interactions between neurons, cancer cells and other elements in the tumour microenvironment represents a potential paradigm shift in cancer treatment, comparable to the advent of our current understanding of tumour immunology. Cancer cells actively release growth factors that stimulate tumour neo-neurogenesis, and accumulating evidence indicates that tumour neo-innervation propels tumour progression, inhibits tumour-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, promotes neovascularization, facilitates metastasis and regulates immune exhaustion and evasion. In this Review, we give an up-to-date overview of the dynamics of the tumour microenvironment with an emphasis on tumour innervation by the peripheral nervous system, as well as current preclinical and clinical evidence of the benefits of targeting the nervous system in cancer, laying a scientific foundation for further clinical trials.

Large-scale evidence for the validity of remote MoCA administration among people with cerebellar ataxia.

: For over half a century, studies of rare diseases using in-person cognitive tools have faced challenges, such as long study periods and small sample sizes (e.g.  = 10).

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Pathological Features and What They Mean for Prognosis and Treatment.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with an incidence that has increased over the past 30 years. Although usually curable with excision, cSCC can become widely metastatic and aggressive with poor outcomes. Whereas the clinical and radiographic extent of any cancer will always guide selection of treatment modality, pathological features of cSCC also play an important role in determining prognosis and, subsequently, the need for further therapy.

Evaluating the clinical utility of cervical cultures in postpartum endometritis management.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of cervical cultures in the diagnosis and management of postpartum endometritis.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1069 cervical cultures collected from postpartum women with suspected endometritis between 2011 and 2021. Patient demographics, obstetric history, clinical parameters, and culture results were analyzed.

Age-corrected development of preterm children: a population-based study.

Background: The standard practice to account for expected developmental lags in preterm children is calculating their age as if born on their expected delivery date. We aimed to assess the accuracy of standard age correction in a large and diverse population.

Methods: Routine surveillance data was extracted from a national network of mother-child clinics covering over 70% of the Israeli population.

The effect of long-standing lymphopenia after radiation therapy on survival in rectal cancer.

Background: Lymphopenia and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are known negative prognostic factors in rectal cancer. Until recently, however, lymphopenia was regarded as a minor sequela following radiation therapy (RT). The immune system's influence on rectal cancer treatment outcomes led us to evaluate the impact of lymphopenia at various time points, before, during, and following radiotherapy.