Publications by authors named "Ajit"

Background: Medical and mental health conditions have a reciprocal relationship, with each impacting the other. Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) is a sub-speciality that addresses psychiatric comorbidities in the general hospital system and positively impacts hospital resources through its service aspects of 'consultation' and 'liaison'. This multi-faceted evaluation aims to describe and evaluate the characteristics of a regional CLP service.

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The study aimed to evaluate auditory spatial perception in individuals with and without recreational noise exposure using Virtual Acoustic Space Identification. A standard group comparison design using purposive sampling was conducted on 60 normal-hearing participants aged 18-30. They were divided into experimental and control groups based on their scores on the recreational hearing habits questionnaire (CHAR).

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is a gram-negative bacterium that encompasses a diverse group of strains with varying pathogenic potentials. Classified into six serotypes (a-f), it has been historically associated with a range of infections, including respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, meningitis, and others. Of particular significance is type b (Hib), which was a leading cause of invasive diseases in children prior to the introduction of the Hib vaccine.

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Morphine and other synthetic opioids are widely prescribed to treat pain. Prolonged morphine exposure can paradoxically enhance pain sensitivity in humans and nociceptive behavior in rodents. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying opioid-induced hyperalgesia, we investigated changes in miRNA composition of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from the serum of mice after a morphine treatment paradigm that induces hyperalgesia.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid bilayer bound particles naturally released by cells. These vesicles are classified based on their biogenesis pathway and diameter. The overlap in size of exosomes generated from the exosomal pathway and macrovesicles that are pinched off from the surface of the plasma membrane makes it challenging to isolate pure populations.

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DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent a lethal form of DNA damage that can trigger cell death or initiate oncogenesis. The activity of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) at the break site is required for efficient DSB repair. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the transcription cycle at DSBs are not well understood.

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Genotoxic stress resulting from DNA damage is resolved through a signaling cascade known as the DNA Damage Response (DDR). The repair of damaged DNA is essential for cell survival, often requiring the DDR to attenuate other cellular processes such as the cell cycle, DNA replication, and transcription of genes not involved in DDR. The complex relationship between DDR and transcription has only recently been investigated.

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Current treatments for chronic pain have limited efficacy and significant side effects, warranting research on alternative strategies for pain management. One approach involves using small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), or exosomes, to transport beneficial biomolecular cargo to aid pain resolution. Exosomes are 30-150 nm sEVs that can be beneficial or harmful depending on their source and cargo composition.

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Nociceptors have emerged as master regulators of immune responses in both homeostatic and pathologic settings; however, their seemingly contradictory effects on the functions of different immune cell subsets have been a source of confusion. Nevertheless, work by many groups in recent years has begun to identify patterns of the modalities and consequences of nociceptor-immune system communication. Here, we review recent findings of how nociceptors affect immunity and propose an integrated concept whereby nociceptors are neither inherently pro- nor anti-inflammatory.

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Objective: In functional dyspepsia patients, duodenal mucosal eosinophilia has been associated with early satiety but is not present in all patients suggesting varied pathways to symptom generation. The objective of the current study was to explore metabolic differences comparing those with duodenal mucosal eosinophilia to those without eosinophilia.

Methods: This study was conducted utilizing an existing biorepository.

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Trained immunity is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in response to specific stimuli. This rewiring can result in increased cytokine and effector responses to pathogenic challenges, providing nonspecific protection against disease. It may also improve immune responses to established immunotherapeutics and vaccines.

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Background: Surgery or fibrinolysis is the currently available evidence-based treatment for obstructive mechanical valve thrombus. We reported the feasibility and short-term outcomes of percutaneous transcatheter therapy with cerebral embolic protection. Mid- and long-term outcomes remain unknown.

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Article Synopsis
  • Double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent a critical form of DNA damage, requiring both transcriptional activity and repression for effective repair.
  • The GATAD2B-NuRD complex is essential for regulating the chromatin structure at DSBs by promoting histone deacetylation and creating a boundary between open and condensed chromatin.
  • Without the GATAD2B-NuRD complex, chromatin becomes overly relaxed, leading to improper DNA end processing and failures in homologous recombination repair.
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Article Synopsis
  • DNA damage from ionizing irradiation prompts a transcriptional response that suppresses gene expression while increasing the production of antisense transcripts known as PROMPTs.* -
  • Using mNET-seq, the study found that PROMPTs are transcribed by a specific form of RNA polymerase II that is phosphorylated at the Y1P residue, which is linked to key protein interactions and transcriptional pausing.* -
  • The research highlights that Y1P-dependent PROMPTs help recruit PRC2 to chromatin, and disrupting these PROMPTs or PRC2 results in the loss of transcriptional repression, indicating their crucial role in managing gene expression after DNA damage.*
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A male patient in his 30s presented with complaints of acute abdominal pain, black stools and red-coloured urine. CT revealed thrombi in the splenic and left renal veins, leading to infarctions. An endoscopy displayed scalloping of the duodenal folds, indicative of intestinal malabsorption syndrome (IMS).

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The failure characteristics of an asymmetric balsa-core based fibre composite sandwich beam subjected to 3-point bending are investigated analytically and experimentally. The experimental specimens comprise a balsa wood core and two types of fibre composite skins, notably glass fibre and carbon fibre. During the static bending test, the effects of carbon fibre loading (CL) face and glass fibre loading (GL) face on bending failure behaviour are tested.

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Chronic pain is a significant public health issue. Current treatments have limited efficacy and significant side effects, warranting research on alternative strategies for pain management. One approach involves using small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to transport beneficial biomolecular cargo to aid pain resolution.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have emerged as a sustainable wastewater treatment technique that offers simultaneous energy generation; however, the high cost of electrodes and their reduced catalytic activity have hindered their widespread adoption. To overcome this, an activated carbon synthesised from Areca nut husk was coated on different anodes viz. Carbon cloth and Stainless Steel (SS) mesh.

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About 25 million American adults experience pain daily and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs to treat pain are opioids. Prolonged opioid usage and dose escalations can cause a paradoxical response where patients experience enhanced pain sensitivity. This opioid induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a major hurdle when treating pain in the clinic because its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood.

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Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) of the cervix is a malignant tumor and is classified into low and intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and high-grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC), and large cells neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). SCNEC of the cervix is an Infrequent tumor with an incidence of less than 1% of all gynecological malignancies. It is characterized by small to medium-sized tumor cells with scant cytoplasm and neuroendocrine differentiation.

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Article Synopsis
  • TDP-43 proteinopathies, such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are neurodegenerative diseases where the protein TDP-43 misfolds and disrupts neuronal function.
  • Researchers created models that mimic sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathy, showing how acetylation at lysine 145 impairs TDP-43's ability to bind RNA and leads to gene mis-regulation.
  • Results indicate that this acetylation triggers harmful changes in neurons, evidenced by cognitive decline and altered gene expression related to synaptic function, mirroring characteristics seen in human FTLD cases.
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Advancements in high-throughput technologies, genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics play an important role in obtaining biological information about living organisms. The field of computational biology and bioinformatics has experienced significant growth with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies and other high-throughput techniques. The resulting large amounts of data present both opportunities and challenges for data analysis.

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Aim: The goal of the study was to assess the push-out bond strength of the glass fibre post after different surface treatments.

Materials And Methods: For the purpose of the investigation, 40 mandibular premolars were chosen. After gaining access, the biomechanical preparation was completed using the step-back approach up to a size 40K file, and the canals were sealed using gutta-percha cones and the lateral condensation procedure with AH Plus sealer (epoxide-amine resin pulp canal sealer).

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Introduction: Coinfection of tuberculous osteomyelitis with Streptococcus agalactiae has not been reported in an immunocompetent adult so far. The slow progress of tuberculous osteomyelitis, due to lack of significant elevations in the laboratory values and changes in the radiographic appearance, often leads to confusion with brodie's abscess. These two clinical conditions often lead to delay in diagnosis and progressive bone destruction.

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