Drug metabolizing enzymes pharmacogenetic variation-informed antidepressant therapy approach for common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: Currently, 30-50 % of individuals with depression and 40 % with anxiety-collectively referred to as common mental disorders (CMDs), exhibit inadequate responses to antidepressant treatments.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of drug-metabolizing enzyme pharmacogenetic variation informed treatment (PGxIT) versus usual antidepressant treatment (UT) in patients with CMDs.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception until January 30, 2024.

Treatment algorithm for post sternotomy wound infection - our experience.

Introduction: Median sternotomy is the most commonly used approach in open cardiac surgery. As in any other surgery, surgical site infections are a known phenomenon, but morbidity depends on the depth of infection. Superficial wound infections can be managed conservatively; however, deep sternal wound infections need an aggressive approach to prevent disastrous consequence like mediastinitis.

Effectiveness and safety of salmeterol/fluticasone fixed-dose combination delivered through Synchrobreathe in patients with asthma: the real-world EVOLVE study.

Background: Inhalation therapy with corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists has been the mainstay of asthma management. However, choosing the correct inhaler technique is essential to effectively deliver the medication to the lungs to attain good asthma control.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate asthma control and device usability with salmeterol/fluticasone fixed-dose combination (FDC) administered through Synchrobreathe, a breath-actuated inhaler (BAI), in Indian patients with persistent asthma (EVOLVE study).

Risk factors associated with mortality in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a meta-analysis.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) related deaths have increased substantially in recent years. It is important to identify the risk factors of HP significantly associated with mortality to ensure close patient monitoring and assess disease progression.

Research Design And Methods: Extensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA checklist.

Concept of Placement of Fiber-Optic Sensor in Smart Energy Transport Cable under Tensile Loading.

Due to the exponential growth in offshore renewable energies and structures such as floating offshore wind turbines and wave power converters, the research and engineering in this field is experiencing exceptional development. This emergence of offshore renewable energy requires power cables which are usually made up of copper to transport this energy ashore. These power cables are critical structures that must withstand harsh environmental conditions, handling, and shipping, at high seas which can cause copper wires to deform well above the limit of proportionality and consequently break.

Comparative Analysis of the Risk Factors Influencing Recovery of Function from Oculomotor Nerve Palsy in Unruptured and Ruptured Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms.

Aim: To assess the risk factors and simultaneously compared the benefits of procedures (clipping vs. coiling) in the recovery of function from oculomotor nerve palsy (OMNP) between cases with unruptured and ruptured posterior communicating artery (PCOM) aneurysms.

Material And Methods: Among the 225 cases of aneurysm treated in our department between July 2018 and February 2020, 25 patients with PCOM aneurysm with OMNP (unruptured: n=13; ruptured: n=12) were retrospectively analysed.

Giant Calcified Cavernous Hemangioma Managed with Modified Double Concentric Craniotomy.

Giant calcified cavernous hemangioma is uncommon, and calvarial invasion with intracranial extension and dural breach is rare. Radiological resemblance to lesions like meningioma is unreported. Surgical excision of such lesions is technically challenging.

Study of correlation between stereopsis and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in cases of glaucoma.

Background: Glaucoma is an important and common optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and associated morphological changes to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The most common assessment of visual function in glaucoma uses perimetric measurements of visual sensitivity. Only few studies have evaluated the binocular function in patients with glaucoma.

Modification of neurosurgical practice during corona pandemic: Our experience at AIIMS patna and long term guidelines.

Background: First case of covid-19 was confirmed on 30th January 2020 in India. Our state, Bihar reported its first confirmed case of covid on 22nd march 2020 at AIIMS Patna. For safety, Electives surgeries and outpatient department was suspended temporary since 25th March.

Integration of qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemical Techniques for mRNA Expression and Localization of m1AChR in the Brain of Aging Rat.

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in memory and cognitive functions, which normally decline with age. In this chapter, we describe qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical protocols for measurement of muscarinic ACh receptor M1 (m1AChR) levels in the brains of middle-aged rats, with and without administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) and exercise training. The analyses revealed that the interventions led to an increase in m1AChR mRNA and protein levels in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Hypertension Masquerading Primary Aldosteronism.

Hypertension is a frequent early manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Many mechanisms cause hypertension in ADPKD; however, primary aldosteronism (PA) as a possible manifestation of hypertension in ADPKD is extremely rare. The diagnosis of PA in ADPKD is extremely challenging because multiple renal cysts can mask the identification of adrenal adenomas, and ADPKD is associated with hypertension in majority of cases.

Picroside II attenuates fatty acid accumulation in HepG2 cells via modulation of fatty acid uptake and synthesis.

Background/aims: Hepatic steatosis is caused by an imbalance between free fatty acids (FFAs) uptake, utilization, storage, and disposal. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in FFAs accumulation and its modulation could drive the development of potential therapies for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of picroside II, a phytoactive found in , on fatty acid accumulation vis-à-vis silibinin, a known hepatoprotective phytoactive from .

Antioxidant action of grape seed polyphenols and aerobic exercise in improving neuronal number in the hippocampus is associated with decrease in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in adult and middle-aged rats.

The present study explored the effects of swimming training and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on neuronal survival in the hippocampus (HC) of middle-aged rats along with oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Further, the bioavailability of the GSPE, catechin, epicatechin and gallic acid were measured in the HC and plasma. Male Wistar rats were grouped into: sedentary control, SE-C; swimming trained, SW-T; SE-C, supplemented sedentary, SE-C(PA) and swimming trainees, SW-T(PA).

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin and Swimming Exercise Protects Against Cognitive Decline: A Study on M1 Acetylcholine Receptors in Aging Male Rat Brain.

Decline in cognition is one of the earliest signs of normal brain aging. Several dietary and non-pharmacological approaches have been tested to slow down this process. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) either individually or in combination with swimming training on acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE) and m1 acetylcholine receptor (m1AChR) on the extent of cognitive decline with aging.

Association of increased levels of MCP-1 and cathepsin-D in young onset type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM-Y) with severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: Young onset type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM-Y) have been shown to possess an increased risk of developing microvascular complications particularly diabetic retinopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and cathepsin-D in patients with T2DM-Y without and with diabetic retinopathy.

Incorporation of ZnO and their composite nanostructured material into a cotton fabric platform for wearable device applications.

The central idea of this paper is to innovate a new approach for the development of wearable device materials through the coating of cotton fabric with ZnO and Sb-/Ag-/ZnO composites. The study was designed in order to have a clear understanding of the role of ZnO as well as the modified composite thereof under investigation. Cotton fabric with uniform ZnO/ZnO-composite layers on the surface was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method.

Unusual manifestation of mucosal plasmacytosis mimicking erythema multiforme.

Mucosal plasmacytoses constitute a group of idiopathic inflammatory disorders, characterized by a dense infiltrate of plasma cells at the mucocutaneous junction without any recognizable dermatosis or neoplasm. We report an unusual clinical presentation of mucosal plasmacytosis presenting with hemorrhagic crusting of the lips, mimicking erythema multiforme.

Threonine 209 phosphorylation on RUNX3 by Pak1 is a molecular switch for its dualistic functions.

P21 Activated Kinase 1 (Pak1), an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase, is known to have a significant role in the regulation of cytoskeleton and cellular morphology. Runx3 was initially known for its role in tumor suppressor function, but recent studies have reported the oncogenic role of Runx3 in various cancers. However, the mechanism that controls the paradoxical functions of Runx3 still remains unclear.

ALTERED CIRCULATING LEVELS OF RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN 4 AND TRANSTHYRETIN IN RELATION TO INSULIN RESISTANCE, OBESITY, AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN ASIAN INDIANS.

Objective: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been implicated in metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but few studies have looked at transthyretin (TTR) with which RBP4 is normally bound to in the circulation. We report on the systemic levels of RBP4 and TTR and their associations with insulin resistance, obesity, prediabetes, and T2DM in Asian Indians.

Methods: Age-matched individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 90), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 70) and T2DM (n = 90) were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES).

Antibiotic prescribing in various clinical departments in a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is not only a problem for the individual patient; it also reduces the effectiveness of established treatment and has become a major threat to public health by increasing the complexity and cost of treatment and reducing the probability of a successful outcome.

Aim: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out with the aim of identifying prescription pattern of antibiotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Northern India.

Materials And Methods: A total of 300 prescriptions were collected, collated and analysed from the indoor patients of MG hospital, Jaipur, India from the department of Medicine, Surgery and Orthopaedics.

Serum adiponectin helps to differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes among young Asian Indians.

Objective: This study assessed whether serum adiponectin could be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young Asian Indians.

Research Design And Methods: We recruited age- and sex-matched individuals with physician-diagnosed T1DM (n=70) and T2DM (n=72). All were 12-27 years of age with a duration of diabetes of >2 years, at a large tertiary-care diabetes center in Chennai, southern India.

Hyperinsulinemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation is mediated by converging mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

Atherosclerosis is one of the major complications of diabetes and involves endothelial dysfunction, matrix alteration, and most importantly migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are known to contribute to atherosclerosis, little is known about the specific cellular signaling pathways that mediate the detrimental hyperinsulinemic effects in VSMCs. Therefore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced migration and proliferation of VSMCs.

Prescribing knowledge in the light of undergraduate clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teaching in India: views of first-year postgraduate students.

Objectives: The study aimed to review the prescribing knowledge of first-year postgraduate doctors in a medical college in India, using the principles of good prescribing, to suggest strategies to improve rational prescribing, and to recommend what curriculum planners can do to accomplish this objective.

Methods: Fifty first-year postgraduate doctors were asked to fill in a structured questionnaire that sought information regarding their undergraduate training in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, prescribing habits, and commonly consulted drug information sources. Also, the questionnaire assessed any perceived deficiencies in their undergraduate clinical pharmacology teaching and sought feedback regarding improvement in the teaching.