Lithium Intoxication After Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis.

Bariatric surgery rates have been increasing in the treatment of obesity worldwide recently. In addition to many physical changes after bariatric surgery, the bioavailability of medications can also be significantly affected. In this article, we present a 51-year-old female patient diagnosed with lithium toxicity after sleeve gastrectomy surgery.

Do pregnancy and motherhood have an impact on cognitive functions in women.

Pregnancy and motherhood are some of the most physically and mentally challenging periods in a woman's life. The aim of current study was to examine aspects of cognitive functions in pregnancy and motherhood that are controversial in the literature. The study included 30 healthy pregnant women aged between 18-40 years in their second and third trimesters, 30 healthy controls (nulliparous and non-pregnant women) and 30 healthy mothers matched with the pregnant women for age, handedness and education level.

Altered blood parameters in "major depression" patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy: a randomized case-control study.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that includes depressive mood. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a therapy method used in the treatment of MDD. The purpose of this study was to assess neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress levels in MDD patients and evaluate the changes in these parameters as a result of rTMS therapy.

Myelinolysis cases presenting with manic attack after rapid correction of hyponatremia: Two cases.

Objective: Myelinolysis is a neurological condition that can display diverse psychiatric symptoms, with electrolyte imbalance, alcoholism and malnutrition being the frequent causes. Rapid correction of hyponatremia may trigger pontine and extra-pontine myelinolysis.

Cases: This paper examines two cases: one of hyponatremia after antihypertensive use and the other of myelinolysis due to rapid correction of hyponatremia.

Changes in neuroactive steroids, neurotrophins and immunological biomarkers after monotherapy 8-week rTMS treatment and their relationship with neurocognitive functions in depression.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has proven effective in the treatment of major depression. The underlying mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the levels of neuroactive steroids, neurotrophins and immunological biomarkers before and after rTMS treatment and assess the relationship of this change between clinical response and cognitive functions after monotherapy rTMS treatment.

Endocan: A novel biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in depression?

Endocan is a proteoglycan secreted from endothelium upon endothelial damage. Since depression is associated with higher inflammation and oxidative stress to the vascular endothelium, endothelial dysfunction is prevalent and it is one of the responsible mechanisms for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in depressive disorders. This study aimed to investigate endocan levels in patients with depression (either bipolar or unipolar) and healthy controls to evaluate the projected endothelial injury.

Cognitive Functions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Its Relationship with Oxidative Metabolism.

Introduction: While data on oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders are increasing, studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are limited. Although many studies report neurocognitive deficits in OCD, to our knowledge, no study exists examining the relationship between neurocognitive functions and oxidative stress in OCD. This study investigated the neurocognitive functions in OCD and its relationship with OCD severity and oxidative metabolism.

Clinical and biological correlates of optical coherence tomography findings in schizophrenia.

There is a growing body of evidence indicating retinal layer thinning in schizophrenia. However, neuropathological processes underlying these retinal structural changes and its clinical correlates are yet to be known. Here, we aim to investigate the clinical and biological correlates of OCT findings in schizophrenia.

The Effects of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens on Neuronal Gene Expression and Brain Tissue in High Alcohol-Preferring Rats.

We investigated the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) on gene expression related to alcohol dependence and histological effects on brain tissue. We also aimed at determining the miRNA-mRNA relationship and their pathways in alcohol dependence-induced expression changes after focused ultrasound therapy. We designed a case-control study for 100 days of observation to investigate differences in gene expression in the short-term stimulation group (STS) and long-term stimulation group (LTS) compared with the control sham group (SG).

Predictors of long-term anxiety and depression in discharged COVID-19 patients: A follow-up study.

Background: Patients who were hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) faced an extremely stressful experience that challenged their mental health and the long-term effects are not definitely known yet.

Aim: To identify both the course of mental symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and the related risk factors of recovered patients at the 20-22 mo follow-up.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-two patients were enrolled.

COVID-19 infection, vaccine status, and avoidance behaviors in adults with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: We aim to examine infection risk and vaccine status of COVID-19 in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and evaluate the impact of demographic, clinical, and COVID-19-related factors on the infection status and behavioral avoidance of COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed adults with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder recruited from an outpatient psychiatry clinic. Patients and healthy controls completed a survey on sociodemographic data, COVID-19 infection status, and vaccine status.

The relation of optical coherence tomography findings with oxidative stress parameters in patients with bipolar disorder and unaffected first-degree relatives.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the optical coherence tomography(OCT) findings and oxidative stress parameters in patients with bipolar disorder(BD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives(FDRs) and to explore OCT findings and oxidative stress parameters as potential endophenotype candidates.

Methods: Fifty patients with BD, 40 FDRs of BD, and 50 healthy controls(HCs) were included. OCT was performed to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), ganglion cell layer(GCL), inner plexiform layer(IPL), central macular, and minimum foveal thicknesses(CMT and MFT), choroidal thickness(ChT).

A Treatment-Response Comparison Study of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Between Standard Treatment of SSRI and Standard Treatment of SSRI Plus Non-dominant Hand-Writing Task in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.

Researches have recently shifted from functional/structural imaging studies to functional connectivity (FC) studies in major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to compare treatment response of two treatment groups before and after treatment, in terms of both with psychiatric evaluation scales and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) changes in order to objectively demonstrate the possible contribution of the non-dominant hand-writing exercise (NHE) effect on depression treatment. A total of 26 patients who were right-handed women with similar sociodemographic characteristics were enrolled.

Oxidative stress and schizophrenia: A comparative cross-sectional study of multiple oxidative markers in patients and their first-degree relatives.

Objective: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic, disruptive mental disorder with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. Several studies evidenced that oxidative stress (OS) may be one of the causal factors to play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Our study aims to contribute to the SCZ research by investigating a possible relationship between the severity of illness (scored with "The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]") and OS biomarkers in patients.

Can we predict who will be more anxious and depressed in the COVID-19 ward?

Objective: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are at high risk for anxiety and depression, but most studies about mental health during the pandemic included the general public, healthcare workers, and students. We aimed to explore the anxiety and depression levels, prevalence and predictors in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, exploratory study, sociodemographic and clinical features of 281 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were explored.

Eating disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Introduction: Eating disorders (ED) constitute an important group of conditions that commonly occur in adolescents. Gastrointestinal complaints are frequently reported in ED patients. Few studies assessed the association of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with ED.

Reduced regulatory T cells with increased proinflammatory response in patients with schizophrenia.

Aim: To investigate whether circulating T cells including regulatory T cells (Treg) and derived cytokines contribute to the immune imbalance observed in schizophrenia.

Methods: Forty patients with schizophrenia and 40 age, sex, body mass index, education, and smoking status-matched healthy controls (HC) are included in the study. We stained cells with anti-CD14, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD19, anti-CD20, and anti-CD16/56.

An investigation of retinal layer thicknesses in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients.

Introduction: A large number of studies using different neuroimaging methods showed various structural changes both in patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) over the past years. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new, non-invasive imaging method used to obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina. A growing body of evidence reports thinning of retinal layers in patients with schizophrenia which is considered as a proxy for CNS alterations.

Sialorrhoea associated with sertraline use.

Introduction: Sialorrhoea, which has been defined as excessive amount of saliva in the mouth, can be a debilitating symptom. Psychoactive drugs may cause an increase or decrease in saliva secretion. Antidepressant drugs, especially tricyclic antidepressants and less often serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are often associated with a decrease in salivation and the complaint of dry mouth.

Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Existential Psychotherapy and Supportive Counselling on Facial Emotion Recognition Among Patients with Mild or Moderate Depression.

Objective: This study compared the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), existential psychotherapy (ExP) and supportive counseling (SUP) on facial emotion recognition among mildly and moderately depressed patients.

Methods: 21 patients for CBT, and 20 each for ExP and SUP groups with 60 healthy controls were investigated. Eight consecutive weekly sessions and following two monthly boosters were performed.

Evidence for an association of serum melatonin concentrations with recognition and circadian preferences in patients with schizophrenia.

Melatonin, a neuro-differentiation factor, may play a role in the neurodevelopmental origins of schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment and decreased melatonin are reported in schizophrenia; however, the relationship between them remains unclear. We hypothesised that patients with schizophrenia would have lower concentrations of circulating melatonin than healthy controls and that melatonin levels would be associated with cognitive impairment.