Role of serostatus in pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A nationwide multicentric study.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are immune-mediated inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly presenting as optic neuritis and acute myelitis. NMOSD can be associated with seropositivity for aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4 IgG), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG IgG), or can be seronegative for both. In this study, we retrospectively examined our seropositive and seronegative pediatric NMOSD patients.

Claude Syndrome in Childhood Associated with Probable Neuro-Behcet Disease.

Claude syndrome is a rare midbrain stroke syndrome characterized by ipsilateral third cranial nerve palsy and contralateral hemiataxia. So far, only a few cases have been reported in childhood. We present two children with Claude syndrome at 9 and 15 years of age.

Evolution of clinically isolated syndrome to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and a review of the literature.

Background: Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) may be the first presentation of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and laboratory data of pediatric CIS (pCIS) patients who were diagnosed with POMS upon followup for any predictive variables. We also reviewed the literature concerning the management of pCIS.

A combination of Q-TOF LC/MS and LC-MS/MS based metabolomics in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis demonstrates potential biomarkers for unclassified patients.

Background: Metabolomics has the potential to provide putative biomarkers and insights into the pathophysiology and diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis (pMS), which is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum metabolomics in pMS to help elucidate the pathophysiology of MS.

Methods: An untargeted approach was applied using the quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC/MS) method to study plasma metabolites in patients with pMS (n = 33), patients with unclassified central nervous system demyelinating diseases (n = 6), and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 40).

Newer disease modifying treatments in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: Experience from a single center.

Background: Disease modifying treatments (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis include injectable drugs (iDMTs) like interferons (IFNs) or glatiramer acetate (GA), and newer agents (nDMTs) in oral and intravenous forms. nDMTs are usually applied in escalation and less frequently as initial treatment in pediatric-onset (POMS).

Objective: We intended to evaluate the effect of nDMTs in comparison with iDMTs by retrospective examination of our patients with POMS.

The Outcome of COVID-19 in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background: The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves immune-mediated mechanisms, and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) administered in MS have immunomodulatory effects. The concern about MS patients' susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has prompted several studies based on clinical observations and questionnaires. Information about COVID-19 in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is scarce.

Immunization in multiple sclerosis and other childhood immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system: A review of the literature.

Childhood is a period where most vaccines are administered in order to build-up immunological memory, and immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases is an essential part of child care and health. The administration of vaccines to children with inflammatory diseases is a frequent point of concern for parents and physicians. Published information on the relation between vaccines and autoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) consists of case and cohort studies and reviews, in great majority on adult patients.

Effect of vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Current treatment protocols in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are associated with high remission rates and long life expectancy, enhancing the importance of quality of life and prevention of treatment-related complications in patient care. As osteoporosis is a frequent complication in patients under chemotherapy, we investigated the effect of vitamin K2 (100 mcg menaquinone-7) and vitamin D3 (10 mcg calcitriol) on bone metabolism in children with ALL.

Methods: Twenty-nine consecutive patients recently diagnosed with B precursor ALL (B-ALL) and treated according to the Turkish Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Berlin Frankfurt Münster 2000 protocol were randomly assigned into study and control groups.

Analysis of plasma protein biomarkers in childhood onset multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) manifesting before age 18 years is defined as pediatric MS (pMS). We analysed plasma proteins in pMS by an untargeted proteomic approach. Patients with pMS (Group pMS, n = 33), patients with demyelinating disease not meeting pMS diagnostic criteria (unclassified demyelinating disease, Group U, n = 4) and age-matched healthy subjects (Group C, n = 40) were included.

Vestibulo-ocular reflex involvement in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is an important cause of disability in young adults. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the vestibular system with video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and determine the impairment of the Vestibulo-ocular Reflex (VOR) in childhood-onset MS.

Methods: The study group, 20 persons with MS (pwMS) with onset before 18 years of age (6 M, 14 F; mean age 19.

Recurrent Demyelinating Episodes as Sole Manifestation of Inherited CD59 Deficiency.

Defects in the regulatory components of the complement system can lead to inflammatory diseases. We present a patient who had four episodes of demyelination in the central nervous system as the only manifestation of inherited CD59 deficiency. Relapsing encephalopathy partially responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid treatments on the background of parental consanguinity suggested an inherited immune dysregulation.