EFSUMB Gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS) Task Force Group: Celiac sprue and other rare gastrointestinal diseases ultrasound features.

Transabdominal gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) is unique in its capacity to examine the bowel non-invasively and in its physiological condition, including extra-intestinal features such as the splanchnic vessels, mesentery, omentum and lymph nodes- even at the bedside. Despite this, and its extensive documentation for its usefulness, it has only been fully implemented in a few European countries and expert centres. Therefore, the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) established a GIUS Task Force Group in 2014 consisting of international experts from 9 European countries with the objectives to standardize and promote the use of GIUS in a clinical setting.

Increased vein wall thickness in Behçet disease.

Objective: Lower extremity (LE) deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the main feature of vascular involvement in Behçet disease (BD). We thought that vein wall thickness (VWT) could be a surrogate marker for venous inflammation and hence predict future vascular involvement. We assessed VWT in proximal LE veins in BD patients without DVT, BD patients with DVT, and healthy controls in a formal, masked protocol.

EFSUMB Recommendations for Gastrointestinal Ultrasound Part 3: Endorectal, Endoanal and Perineal Ultrasound.

This article represents part 3 of the EFSUMB Recommendations and Guidelines for Gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS). It provides an overview of the examination techniques recommended by experts in the field of endorectal/endoanal ultrasound (ERUS/EAUS), as well as perineal ultrasound (PNUS). The most important indications are rectal tumors and inflammatory diseases like fistula and abscesses in patients with or without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Portal vein ligation and in situ liver splitting in metastatic liver cancer.

The most serious complication after major liver resection is liver failure. Depending on preoperative liver function, a future liver remnant of 25%-40% is considered sufficient to avoid postoperative liver failure. A new technique known as portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting has been developed to obtain rapid liver hypertrophy.

Shear Wave Elastography of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle in Patients With Unilateral Lumbar Disk Herniation.

Objectives: To assess lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness in patients with unilateral lumbar disk herniation (LDH) causing nerve root compression using shear wave elastography (SWE).

Methods: Thirty-three patients with unilateral subarticular LDH (L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1) causing nerve root compression, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, were enrolled in the study. Exclusion criteria were bilateral or multilevel LDH confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging, bilateral leg symptoms, and patients with a history of any spinal operation, malignancy, trauma, infection, spondylolisthesis, severe lateral recess stenosis, spinal canal stenosis, and substantial comorbidities.

Bladder cancer in an inguinal vesical hernia.

A 60-year-old male patient presented with intermittent right-sided scrotal swelling for the last 4 months. On ultrasonography, a fluid-filled cavity extending through the right inguinal canal into the scrotum was noted with inferior displacement of the right testis. Multiple papillary hyperechoic lesions with internal vascularity on Doppler ultrasound were protruding into the fluid-filled cavity.

Is There Any Difference Between Seminomas and Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors on Shear Wave Elastography? A Preliminary Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of shear wave elastography (SWE) to differentiate seminomas from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.

Methods: Approval for this retrospective study was obtained from the local Ethics Committee of Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School. Fifteen patients with malignant testicular lesions were examined by grayscale sonography, color or power Doppler sonography, and SWE between February 2011 and October 2015.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Biomechanical Properties of Optic Nerve and Peripapillary Structures by Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elastography in Glaucoma.

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a multifactorial serious disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and loss of visual field.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate shear wave elastography (SWE) use in the evaluation of the optic nerve (ON) and peripapillary structures, and to compare the findings between glaucomatous and control eyes.

Patients And Methods: A case-controlled study, including 21 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 21 age-matched control subjects, was carried out.

Evaluation of the Tibial Nerve with Shear-Wave Elastography: A Potential Sonographic Method for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Purpose To evaluate the value of shear-wave elastography (SWE) in the detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) of the tibial nerve. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The study included 20 diabetic patients with DPN (10 men, 10 women), 20 diabetic patients without DPN (eight men, 12 women), and 20 healthy control subjects (nine men, 11 women).

Corkscrew Collateral Vessels in Buerger Disease: Vasa Vasorum or Vasa Nervorum.

Purpose: To investigate the origin of "corkscrew" collateral vessels around the occluded popliteal artery in patients with Buerger disease by Doppler ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in tandem with digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Materials And Methods: Between January 2013 and June 2015, 42 patients diagnosed with Buerger disease were identified retrospectively. Patients in whom occlusion of the popliteal artery was found on DSA of the lower extremity were subjected to Doppler US and MR imaging prospectively.

Shear wave elastography of the placenta in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

To evaluate placental elasticty in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-diabetic controls. Thirty-three pregnant women with GDM according to the current criteria of the American Diabetes Association and 43 healthy pregnant women who were admitted to the antenatal clinic were recruited for this case-control study. Elasticity values of both the peripheral and the central parts of the placentas of the patients in both groups were determined by shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging.

Perianal Fistula With and Without Abscess: Assessment of Fistula Activity Using Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly accurate for the depiction of both the primary tract of fistula and abscesses, in patients with perianal disease. In addition, MRI can be used to evaluate the activity of fistulas, which is a significant factor for determining the therapeutic strategy.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the usefulness of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI for assessing activity and visibility of perianal fistula.

A Rare Complication of the Thyroid Malignancies: Jugular Vein Invasion.

Background: Unilateral invasion of the internal jugular vein (IJV) after subtotal thyroidectomy caused by local recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. We report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma which invades IJV with hypervascular tumor thrombus.

Case Report: We report a case of a 52-year-old woman with a history of previous thyroid operation who presented with a 2-month history of a painless, growing, hard, solitary mass on the left side of the neck.

Shear wave elastography of placenta: in vivo quantitation of placental elasticity in preeclampsia.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing the placenta in preeclampsia disease.

Methods: A total of 50 pregnant women in the second or third trimester (23 preeclampsia patients and 27 healthy control subjects) were enrolled in the study. Obstetrical grayscale and Doppler ultrasonography, SWE findings of placenta, and prenatal/postnatal clinical data were analyzed and the best SWE cutoff value which represents the diagnosis of preeclampsia was determined.

Relative proportions of stromal to cellular components of pleomorphic adenomas: determination with shear wave elastography.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the relative proportions of stromal to cellular components of pleomorphic adenomas have an effect on the shear elastic modulus determined by shear wave elastography (SWE).

Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our institution and performed between September 2011 and December 2012. Thirty-five patients who underwent surgery for a parotid mass were included in the study.

Shear wave elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in children.

Background: Shear-wave elastography (SWE) is a novel noninvasive method that involves application of local mechanical compression on soft tissue using focused ultrasonography and acquiring strain images that show tissue response. In this study, our goal was to assess the performance of SWE in the staging of liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease.

Methods: The study involved measuring SWE values in the right lobe of the liver in a patient group of 76 children with chronic liver disease and a control group of 50 healthy subjects.

Median nerve stiffness measurement by shear wave elastography: a potential sonographic method in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objectives: To measure the median nerve (MN) stiffness by quantitative shear wave elastography (SWE) at the carpal tunnel inlet and to determine whether SWE can be used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: The study included 37 consecutive patients (60 wrists) with a definitive diagnosis of CTS and 18 healthy volunteers (36 wrists). The MN cross-sectional area (CSA) by ultrasound and stiffness by SWE were studied.

Analysis of the vertebrobasilar system in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the vertebrobasilar system in adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our study population was made up of 48 patients with OSA and 21 healthy volunteers who served as controls; the OSA patients were subdivided into one group with mild or moderate OSA (n = 22) and another with severe OSA (n = 26). Each participant underwent Doppler ultrasonography three times to measure the diameter of the vertebral artery, the peak systolic velocity (PSV), the resistive index (RI), and the vertebral artery flow volume; the mean of the three measurements was calculated for each patient, for the OSA and control groups, and for various subgroups.

ω-3 fatty acid treatment in cardiac syndrome X: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study.

Objective: We conducted a clinical trial to examine the effect of ω-3 fatty acids in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX). We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of ω-3 fatty acids on endothelial function, oxidative stress, and symptom relief in the CSX.

Methods And Results: Eighteen patients with CSX were enrolled according to a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design.

Shear-wave elastography of segmental infarction of the testis.

Segmental testicular infarction (STI) is a rare cause of acute scrotum. The spectrum of findings on gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography differ depending on the time between the onset of testicular pain and the ultrasonography examination. We are not aware of the usefulness of shear-wave elastography for the diagnosis of STI.

Shear wave elastography properties of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis obliquus muscles in normal subjects and female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Objective: The aim of our study was to define and compare the mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis obliquus muscles (VMO) by the way of quantitative shear-wave elastography in male and female healthy control (HC) subjects, and in female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (11 male and 11 female) and 11 female patients with anterior knee pain were included in the study. The SWE examinations for VL and VMO were performed while the subjects were performing open kinetic chain exercises in neutral and 30° hip abduction.

Giant multilocular cystadenoma of the prostate: a rare cause of huge cystic pelvic mass.

Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma is a rare benign tumor that evolves from the prostate gland. Obstructive voiding symptoms occur in all reported cases. These lesions do not invade adjacent structures.

Cross-sectional area of the labrum: role in the diagnosis of anterior acetabular labral tears.

Objective: To investigate the utility of ultrasound cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements for diagnosing acetabular labral (AL) tears.

Methods: The study included qualitative/quantitative ultrasound examinations of 55 hips in 52 patients with a presumed diagnosis of AL tear and 56 hips in 28 healthy volunteers. MR arthrography examinations were available only for the patients and were reviewed for the presence of AL thickening and tear.