Heavy metal transitions from cooking utensils to different solutions.

The study aimed to elucidate metal transitions from cooking utensils to the solutions at different pH. Alkaline, acidic, drinking water solutions were boiled in themost preferred cooking utensils determined by a survey. The metal concentrations were measured using ICP-MS for Aluminium, Iron, Nickel, and Lead.

Micropollutant sorption to membrane polymers: a review of mechanisms for estrogens.

Organic micropollutants such as estrogens occur in water in increasing quantities from predominantly anthropogenic sources. In water such micropollutants partition not only to surfaces such as membrane polymers but also to any other natural or treatment related surfaces. Such interactions are often observed as sorption in treatment processes and this phenomenon is exploited in activated carbon filtration, for example.

Feasibility of bioflocculation in a high-loaded membrane bioreactor for improved energy recovery from sewage.

The feasibility of a high-loaded membrane bioreactor to improve methane recovery from sewage was investigated. Although the process needs further optimization, it already is feasible to recover at least 35% of the sewage COD. Important aspects for further research are the occurrence of membrane fouling, and the optimum process conditions for bioflocculation, i.