Evaluation of the systemic-immune inflammation index (SII) and systemic immune-inflammation response index (SIRI) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with cumulative glycemic exposure.

Objectives: In this study, the systemic proinflammatory status was assessed using the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and SIRI systemic immune-inflammatory response index (SIRI) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: The study involved 159 patients aged between 6 and 16 years. The SII and SIRI values were calculated based on the complete blood count.

The Effects of Long-term Growth Hormone Treatment on Ocular Findings.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the long-term changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AxL), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT), peripapillary ganglion cell layer - inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness, and peripapillary choroidal thickness (ChT) after rhGH replacement treatment in paediatric patients with IGHD, compared to healthy controls.

Methods: Twenty-two children with IGHD including 12 girls and 10 boys were enrolled in the study group, and 30 (16 girls, 14 boys) healthy children composed the control group. A detailed ophthalmological examination was performed for each participant.

Study of ten causal genes in Turkish patients with clinically suspected maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which is the most common cause of monogenic diabetes, has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and exhibits marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The aim of the current study was to investigate molecular defects in patients with clinically suspected MODY using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based targeted gene panel.

Methods: Candidate patients with clinical suspicion of MODY and their parents were included in the study.

Low-carb Diet in Hospitalized Late Pubertal Type 1 Diabetic Girls: A Short-Term CGM Study.

Objective: We conducted the present study to observe potential short-term benefits or risks of low-carb diet (LCD).

Methods: This is a prospective randomized cross-over study. Type 1 diabetic girls were hospitalized in ternary groups for 7 days and each group randomly started with LCD or regular diet.

The relationship between particulate matter and childhood respiratory complaints and peak expiratory flows in Harran agricultural area.

Background: In recent years, many studies have evaluated the increasing incidence of asthma and chronic respiratory diseases among children living close to rural areas with pesticide application. Pesticide exposure in 266 children (126 girls and 140 boys) in Şanlıurfa, a cotton-producing province in Turkey, was explored in this work. Four different villages spread over 40 km2 were included.

A family with novel homozygous deletion mutation (c.1255delT; p.Phe419Serfs*12) in the glucokinase gene, which is a rare cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Heterozygous inactivating mutations in the glucokinase gene cause the mildest form of maturity-onset diabetes of the adolescents. However, homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene are a rare cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Herein, we present the case of a male child with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus whose mutational analysis revealed a novel homozygous deletion mutation in the glucokinase gene.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in children ages 5-17.

Aim: To determine the association of vitamin D with insulin resistance and obesity in children.

Methods: A total of 92 obese and 58 non-obese children aged 5-17 years were evaluated. Data were collected related to anthropometric (weight, height), and biochemical parameters (fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, lipid profile, vitamin B12, parathormone) and physical examination (blood pressure, acanthosis nigricans, stria, lipomastia).

Genotype-Phenotype Characteristics of Turkish Children With Glucokinase Mutations Associated Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young.

Objective: To investigate phenotype-genotype correlations in Turkish children with glucokinase gene mutations leading to Maturity-onset diabetes in young (GCK-MODY).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 40 patients (16 girls) aged under 18 with GCK-MODY.

Results: Mean (SD) serum fasting blood glucose level was 6.

Internipple Distance and Internipple Index in Prepubertal Turkish Girls.

Objective: To determine internipple distance and internipple index in prepubertal Turkish girls.

Methods: The internipple distance and chest circumference of 667 healthy prepubertal Turkish girls aged 6 to 11 years were measured in a school screening program in Düzce. Measurements were performed at the end of expiration with a standard non-stretch tape measure graduated in millimeters with the arms hanging in a relaxed position on the sides of the body.

Association of diabetic ketoacidosis and HbA1c at onset with year-three HbA1c in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Data from the International SWEET Registry.

Objective: To establish whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or HbA1c at onset is associated with year-three HbA1c in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Children with T1D from the SWEET registry, diagnosed <18 years, with documented clinical presentation, HbA1c at onset and follow-up were included. Participants were categorized according to T1D onset: (a) DKA (DKA with coma, DKA without coma, no DKA); (b) HbA1c at onset (low [<10%], medium [10 to <12%], high [≥12%]).

Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children Aged Below 18 Years during 2013-2015 in Northwest Turkey.

Objective: To assess the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children under 18 years of age in the northwest region of Turkey during 2013-2015.

Methods: All newly diagnosed T1DM cases were recorded prospectively during 2013-2015. Total, as well as gender and age group specific (0-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-17 age) mean incidences per 100,000 per year were calculated.

Current practice in diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency in childhood: a survey from Turkey.

Objective: Approaches to diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children vary among countries and even among centers in the same country. This survey, aiming to facilitate the process of preparing the new consensus on GHD by the Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society, was designed to evaluate the current practices in diagnosis and treatment of GHD in different centers in Turkey.

Methods: A questionnaire covering relevant items for diagnosis and treatment of GHD was sent out to all pediatric endocrinology centers.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies homozygous GPR161 mutation in a family with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

Context: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare, congenital anomaly of the pituitary gland characterized by pituitary gland insufficiency, thin or discontinuous pituitary stalk, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic positioning of the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). The clinical presentation of patients with PSIS varies from isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency to combined pituitary insufficiency and accompanying extrapituitary findings. Mutations in HESX1, LHX4, OTX2, SOX3, and PROKR2 have been associated with PSIS in less than 5% of cases; thus, the underlying genetic etiology for the vast majority of cases remains to be determined.

The prevalence of goiter and hypothyroidism among school children 6 years after introduction of a mandatory salt iodination program in a severely iodine-deficient area of the West Black Sea region of Turkey.

The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and the degree of iodine deficiency after mandatory salt iodization in Yığılca's school-aged children. A total of 806 school children aged 6-19 years were evaluated. The prevalence of goiter in children aged 6-12 and 13-19 years was 20.

Diabetes care, glycemic control, complications, and concomitant autoimmune diseases in children with type 1 diabetes in Turkey: a multicenter study.

Objective: Epidemiologic and clinical features of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may show substantial differences among countries. The primary goal in the management of T1DM is to prevent micro- and macrovascular complications by achieving good glycemic control. The present study aimed to assess metabolic control, presence of concomitant autoimmune diseases, and of acute and long-term complications in patients diagnosed with T1DM during childhood and adolescence.

Complementary and alternative medicine in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized in adults and children for treatment of various conditions. Studies on CAM in diabetes have mainly focused on the adult population and its application in children has not been well established. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of CAM use in Turkish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in healthy children between 0 and 6 years of age.

Objective: Along with growth hormone (GH) levels, measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are used in the diagnosis of GH deficiency and in monitoring the efficacy and safety of long-term GH treatment. The purpose of the present study was to establish reference values for serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in healthy Turkish children less than 6 years of age.

Methods: This study was designed as a multicenter project.

Adult height in Turkish patients with Turner syndrome without growth hormone treatment.

Spontaneous adult height (AH) in Turner syndrome (TS) varies among populations. Population-specific AH data is essential to assess the efficacy of growth-promoting therapies in TS. A multicenter study was performed to establish AH of nongrowth hormone (GH)-treated Turkish patients with TS.

Evaluation of permanent growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in young adults with childhood onset GHD: a multicenter study.

Background: Reconfirming the diagnosis of childhood onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in young adults is necessary to demonstrate the need for continuation of GH therapy.

Objective: This nationally-based study was planned to establish GH status during adulthood in childhood-onset GH deficient patients and to evaluate factors that would predict persistency of the GHD.

Methods: In this multicenter study, 70 GH deficient patients who had reached final height were evaluated after completion of GH treatment.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body fatness in childhood congenital adrenal hyperplasia and its metabolic correlates.

There is a tendency to adiposity in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) despite physiological corticosteroid doses. This study investigated body fatness in children with CAH under corticosteroid replacement therapy. Seventeen children with CAH (female:male, 9:8; age range 1.

Serum levels of ghrelin, leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin, thyroid hormones and cortisol in prepubertal children with iron deficiency.

The aim of the present study is to investigate possible alterations in ghrelin and other hormone levels related to appetite and somatic growth in children with iron deficiency anemia. Twenty-five patients and 25 healthy controls that were prepubertal and within normal limits regarding height and BMI standard deviation scores were recruited. Ghrelin, leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin, thyroid hormones and cortisol levels were studied.

A randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of valtropin, a biosimilar growth hormone, in children with growth hormone deficiency.

Valtropin is a recombinant human GH (rhGH) manufactured using a novel yeast expression system, classed as a 'biosimilar'. Valtropin was compared with Humatrope in children with GH deficiency (GHD). Treatment-naive, prepubertal children with GHD were randomized to Valtropin (n = 98) or Humatrope (n = 49) for 1 year.

Evaluation of glucose intolerance in adolescents relative to adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: There is an increasing trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in childhood and adolescence, while positive family history of DM2 and obesity are the most important risk factors. To study the influence of family history and obesity on glucose intolerance in our country was the aim of this study.

Study Design And Methods: A total of 105 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years (mean 13.

Effects of growth hormone on growth, insulin resistance and related hormones (ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin) in Turner syndrome.

Background: Concomitant evaluation of the metabolic and growth-promoting effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy in Turner syndrome (TS) may be used in the prediction of the growth response to GH therapy.

Aim: To evaluate the metabolic effects of GH therapy in TS and correlation with the short-term growth response.

Patients: 24 prepubertal children with TS, aged 9.

The role of IL-18 in Th1/Th2 balance in children.

Interleukin (IL)-18 has been identified as a mediator inducing interferon gamma release from type 1 helper (Th1) cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells, synergizing with IL-12. Several studies report differential roles of IL-18; but little is known about the role of IL-18 in Th1/Th2 balance in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of IL-18 in Th1- and Th2-mediated diseases of children.