Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Final Heights of Cases Diagnosed with Noonan Syndrome on GH Treatment.

Introduction: Proportional short stature is one of the most important features of Noonan Syndrome, and adult height often remains below the 3rd percentile. Although the pathophysiology of short stature in NS patients is not fully understood, it has been shown that GH treatment is beneficial in NS, and it significantly improves the height in respect to the results of short and long-term GH treatment.

Methods: In this study, the efficacy of GH therapy was evaluated in children and adolescents with Noonan syndrome who attained final height.

Comprehensive Insights Into Pediatric Craniopharyngioma: Endocrine and Metabolic Profiles, Treatment Challenges, and Long-term Outcomes from a Multicenter Study.

Objective: Craniopharyngiomas (CPG) have complex treatment challenges due to their proximity to vital structures, surgical and radiotherapeutic complexities, and the tendency for recurrence. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of endocrine and metabolic comorbidities observed during initial diagnosis and long-term follow-up in a nationwide cohort of pediatric CPG patients. A further aim was to highlight the difficulties associated with CPG management.

Evaluation of the relationship between pain inflammation due to dental caries and growth parameters in preschool children.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between pain inflammation due to dental caries and growth parameters, sleep disturbances, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children before/after dental treatment and compare the results with the control group.

Materials And Methods: Study (pain inflammation due to caries) and control groups were included in this prospective clinical trial. The Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) assessing sleep disturbances and the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) assessing OHRQoL were applied in the corresponding time intervals to the study and control groups, respectively: baseline (T0), 7 days after treatment (T1), and following 6 months (T2); baseline (T0), and the following 6 months (T2).

Serum Irisin Levels in Central Precocious Puberty and Its Variants.

Aim: The exact mechanisms that trigger the onset of puberty are not well known. Adipomyokines are postulated to stimulate the central neural network. In the present study, we investigated irisin levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), slowly progressing precocious puberty (SPPP), or premature thelarche (PT); we also studied prepubertal girls and to determine if this adipomyokine could be used as a marker in this context.

Omentin-1 level in adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Background: Adipokines have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Omentin is an adipokine secreted essentially by visceral adipose tissue with an insulin-sensitizing effect. Insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature of PCOS, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate omentin-1 level in adolescent girls with PCOS and its relationship with IR and androgens.

Comparison of Hand Function Between Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Children Without Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: This study compared the hand function of children between the ages of 8 and 12 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with that of children without diabetes.

Methods: The Modified Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test and the Purdue Pegboard Test were used to assess hand function. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.

Relationship Between Functional Exercise Capacity and Lung Functions in Obese Chidren.

Objective: Cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal system disorders which may affect the functional exercise capacity are common in obese patients. We aimed to investigate the functional exercise capacity and its relationship with functional pulmonary capacity in obese children.

Methods: A total of 74 obese and 36 healthy children as a control group were enrolled in the study.

Correlation of Brain Neuropeptide (Nesfatin-1 and Orexin-A) Concentrations with Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Malnourished Children.

Objective: Malnutrition continues to be a leading cause of stunted growth in many countries. This study aimed to investigate serum nesfatin-1 and orexin-A levels in underweight children and the potential correlations of these levels with anthropometric and nutritional parameters.

Methods: The study enrolled 44 prepubertal children (between 2 and 12 years of age) with thinness grades of 1-3 and 41 healthy age- and gender-matched children.

The relation of urinary bisphenol A with kisspeptin in girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is known as an endocrine disruptor and it is supposed to have a role on the development of central precocious puberty (CPP). Kisspeptin, a hypothalamic peptide, is a neuromodulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone and it has an important role on regulation of the onset of puberty. The BPA levels in girls with CPP and premature thelarche (PT) and its relation with kisspeptin levels were investigated.

Rare Causes of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: Genetic and Clinical Characterization of a Large Nationwide Cohort.

Context: Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a life-threatening condition that is often due to monogenic causes in children. Although congenital adrenal hyperplasia occurs commonly, several other important molecular causes have been reported, often with overlapping clinical and biochemical features. The relative prevalence of these conditions is not known, but making a specific diagnosis can have important implications for management.

Association of physical activity level with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have low physical activity levels and are at high risk for psychosocial morbidities, including depression, heightened anxiety and low health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the associations of physical activity level with depression, anxiety, and HRQoL in children with T1DM.

Subjects And Methods: A cross-sectional study design, including children with T1DM aged between 8 and 12 years and healthy controls, was used.

Myeloperoxidase 463 G>A and superoxide dismutase Ala16Val gene polymorphisms in obese children.

The aim of the study was to determine the role of MnSOD Ala16Val and MPO G-463A gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in obese children. A total of 97 obese children with insulin resistance and, as a control group, 96 healthy children were enrolled in the study. In the obese group, AA, AV and VV genotype frequencies of the MnSOD gene and GG, GA and AA genotype frequencies of the MPO gene were not significantly different from the frequencies found in the control group (p=0.

Carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilation in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background/aims: This study aimed to understand the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in increasing the risk of atherosclerosis in obese pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: The study included 109 obese children (age, 9-15 years) and a control group comprising 44 healthy age- and gender-matched children with normal weight. NAFLD was diagnosed using conventional ultrasound (US) examination.

Response to Disodium Etidronate Treatment in Three Siblings with Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare chronic genetic lung disease in childhood with no proven therapy. It is characterized by the deposition of calcium phosphate microliths within the alveolar air spaces. The effect of disodium etidronate (DE) treatment on PAM is controversial.

The effect of obesity degree on childhood pulmonary function tests.

Background: Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic. It is related to several chronic diseases such as essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and renal disease. The relationship between the degree of obesity and lung functions is well defined in adults, but limited information is available about the childhood period.

SIRT1 gene variants are related to risk of childhood obesity.

Unlabelled: Obesity is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the interaction between genetic, psychological, physical, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. SIRT1 gene has important effects on the regulation of adiponectin, caloric restriction, insulin sensitivity, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between childhood obesity and SIRT1 gene polymorphisms regarding rs7895833 A > G in the promoter region, rs7069102 C > G in intron 4, and rs2273773 C > T in exon 5 using PCR-CTPP method in 120 obese and 120 normal weight children.

Vitamin D-containing supplements for children between 1-3 years of age: are they essential for bone health?

Objective: We aim to evaluate how vitamin D-containing supplements affect the vitamin D status of children 1-3 years old and to assess the variation of the vitamin D concentrations across different seasons.

Methods-material: This retrospective study included a review of medical reports of 1035 patients (aged 1-3 years) who presented to our hospital between October 2011 and October 2013. The children were divided into 3 groups: Group 1: those supplemented with vitamin D₃ (400 IU/day), Group 2: those supplemented with multivitamins, which included 200-400 IU/day of vitamin D₂ or D₃, and Group ₃, the controls: those not supplemented with vitamin D.

Determination of early urinary renal injury markers in obese children.

Background: Obesity is an important health issue, the prevalence of which is increasing in childhood. The aim of this study was to examine urinary renal injury markers in order to determine the renal effect of obesity and its comorbidities in a pediatric population.

Methods: Eighty-four obese children and 64 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study.

Serum paraoxonase activity and oxidative stress and their relationship with obesity-related metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents.

Objective: Oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders related with obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of oxidative stress and paraoxonase activities with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as metabolic syndrome.

Materials And Methods: A total of 109 obese children and adolescents and 44 healthy and lean control subjects were enrolled in the study.

Thyroid hormone levels in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective: We aimed to determine the association of thyroid functions with the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pediatric obese patients.

Methods: The study included 109 obese children (aged 9-15 years) and a control group of 44 healthy age and gender-matched children of normal weight. NAFLD was diagnosed by conventional ultrasound examination.

Vitamin d deficiency and insufficiency in obese children and adolescents and its relationship with insulin resistance.

Objectives. We aimed to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in obese children and their nonobese peers. Materials and Methods.

The clinical and biochemical presentation of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and biochemical findings of the children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in order to determine the clinical and biochemical presentation differences between age groups.

Methods: This retrospective study included a review of medical reports of 543 patients (aged between 1-17 years) who were referred to our hospital between October 2011 and May 2012 with symptoms related to vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The patients were divided into four groups by age: 1-3 years (Group 1), 4-6 years (Group 2), 7-11 years (Group 3) and 12-17 years (Group 4).

Congenital agenesis of scrotum and labia majora in siblings.

Congenital agenesis of the scrotum and labia majora is very exceptional. To date, only 6 cases of scrotal agenesis have been reported. To our knowledge, the anomalies of the labioscrotal folds in siblings have not yet been reported.

Oxidative stress in obese children and its relation with insulin resistance.

Background: In obese populations, oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of serious diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the status of oxidative stress in obese children as to nitrite/nitrate and glutathione peroxidase levels, and their relation with insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: A total of 63 obese children were enrolled in the study.

Serum chitotriosidase activity: is it a new inflammatory marker in obese children?

Chitotriosidase (ChT) is an enzyme secreted by activated macrophages and involved in defense against, and in degradation of chitin-containing pathogens, such as fungi, nematodes, and insects. In addition, it plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis related with systemic low-grade inflammation. To this effect of activity of ChT, we aimed to investigate serum ChT activity in obese subjects and to determine to relation with insulin resistance and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP).