[The role of pericranial muscles in the succesful management of episodic tension type headache].

Objectives: Peripheral and central nociceptive mechanisms are responsible for the development of Tension Type Headache (TTH). Analgesics are frequently used in the treatment of acute TTH. Antidepressants are used in prevention.

Can cortical silent period and motor threshold be practical parameters in the comparison of patients with generalized epilepsy and patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures?

Background/aim: This study aimed to compare the cortical excitability of patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) and that of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNESs).

Methods: Patients were classified into groups according to their electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and seizure types: group 1 = GTCS with an abnormal EEG, group 2 = GTCS with a normal EEG and group 3 = PNES with a normal EEG. The control group included healthy volunteers with normal EEGs.

[Botulinum neuro-toxin aype-A in the treatment of chronic tension type headache associated with pericranial tenderness].

Objectives: Both peripheral and central nociceptive mechanisms are responsible in chronic TTH. Analgegics are used in the acute treatment of chronic TTH and antidepressants are used in prophylactic treatment. However, further studies are needed to bring out new treatment options.

Nocturnal headache associated with melatonin deficiency due to a pineal gland cyst.

The cyclic nature of some of headache disorders is closely related to melatonin, which is secreted by the pineal gland. We report a 29-year-old male patient with a 2.5-year history of headaches that woke him in the middle of the night.

[Progressive carotid artery dissection causing tinnitus and one-sided head and neck pain].

Carotid artery dissection, one of the most common causes of stroke in patients younger than 40 years of age, may develop spontaneously or after trauma. In 85% of cases, central neurological signs such as stroke, transient ischemic attack and amarozis fugax are seen, while headache and cranial nerve paralysis can be the presenting symptoms in the rest of cases. In this case report, a 35-year of age young male patient who had a progressive carotid artery dissection accompanied by complaints of left sided tinnitus and ipsilateral head and neck pain.